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BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.METHODS: We estimated prevalence, incidence, d
Carotenoid-based coloration in birds is widely considered an honest signal of individual condition, but the mechanisms responsible for condition dependency in such ornaments remain debated. Currently, the most common explanation for how carotenoid coloration serves as a reliable signal of condition is the resource trade-off hypothesis, which proposes that use of carotenoids for ornaments reduces t
Autoimmune murine disease models are vital tools for identifying novel targets and finding better treatments for human diseases. Complete Freund’s adjuvant is commonly used to induce disease in autoimmune models, and the quality of the adjuvant/autoantigen emulsion is of critical importance in determining reproducibility. We have established an emulsification method using a standard homogenizer an
BACKGROUND: Neutralizing antibody assessments play a central role in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine development but it is unclear which assay, or combination of assays, will provide reliable measures of correlates of protection. To address this, an international collaboration (NeutNet) involving 18 independent participants was organized to compare different assays. METHODS: Ea
Cerebral ischemia that develops after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory mediators are involved in the development of cerebral ischemia through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. We hypothesized that blockade of the MAPkinase/ERK (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway upstream with a specific raf inhibitor wo
The dynamic regulation of ligand binding is considered crucial for integrin function. However, the importance of activity regulation for integrin function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we have applied gene targeting to delete the GFFKR sequence of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) alpha(L) subunit cytoplasmic domain in mouse germline. Lymphocytes from Lfa-1(d/d) mutant mice
In this paper, multiple windows, optimal for locally stationary processes (MW-LSP) are used to estimate the spectrogram of the electroencephalogram (EEG) where we focus on the ability to estimate transient frequency changes. A peak of known frequency was evoked in the EEG spectrum in a predetermined time interval, by using a 9 Hz flickering light. We investigate the multiple windows corresponding
Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera statsansvar för folkmord, och gör detta mer specifikt genom att undersöka frågan om ansvar för medhjälp till folkmord samt mens rea elementet i folkmordsdefinitionen. År 2007 meddelade ICJ sin dom i the Genocide case, där en av de centrala frågorna för domstolen var ifall en stat kunde hållas ansvarig för folkmord under Folkmordskonventionen. ICJ konstateraThis thesis seeks to analyze the international responsibility of states for genocide, and more particularly does so by looking closer at complicity in genocide and the mens rea element of the definition. In 2007 the ICJ rendered its judgment in the Genocide case, where one of the key issues before the Court was whether a state could be held responsible for genocide under the Genocide Convention.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen utgår från förhållandet att mödradödligheten traditionellt varit en tungt vägande faktor för kvinnors totala sjukdomsbörda i låginkomstländer. Mödradödligheten är starkt knuten till såväl allmänna levnadsförhållanden i samhället som till tillgång och kvalitet av professionell hälsovård. Det är därför inte förvånande att mer än 99 av 100 mödradödsfall i värlMaternal health services are the least equitable health care services in most low- and middle-income countries. Improving maternal health in Ghana continues to be a major public health challenge. Socio-economic inequalities within the country are greatly reducing the use of maternal health care services despite government policy reforms to improve access to maternal health care services and interv
Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) to autoantibodies are present in several autoimmune diseases and are hypothesized to have regulatory function. Recently we reported the presence of anti-Id to a major type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibody (CAD65Ab) in sera of healthy individuals. Our current assay for the detection of GAD65Ab-specific anti-Id requires the initial removal of anti-Id from the se
Förenta nationernas konvention angående avtal om internationella köp av varor är till antalet länder som ratificerat densamma en av de mest lyckade internationella regelverk mellan stater hittills. 62 deltagande länder i den förberedande processen, varav många från olika juridiska system, medförde att kompromisser angående innehållet i regelverket var oundvikliga. Som ett resultat av detta kan tveThe United Nations Convention on Contracts for The International Sale of Goods is one of the most successful instruments of uniform commercial law worldwide. With 62 countries from a variety of legal backgrounds involved in the preparation process of such an instrument compromises are inevitable regarding the substance of the provisions involving controversial issues. As a result, compromises migh
The Swedish book market has changed during the last decades and has affected the publishing industry. André Schiffrin in The Business of Books: How the International Conglomerates Took Over Publishing and Changed the Way We Read (2000) is negative to the trend where media conglomerates increase their power by buying independent publishing houses. He argues that they have gradually moved into the p
Primarily due to a massively overburdened docket, the European Court of Human Rights has been experiencing major challenges in the last decade. The crisis has prompted it to modify its procedures and one recent innovation at the Court is the pilot judgment procedure, which is a tool for dealing with systemic deficiencies in the Member States. This thesis assesses what the effects of the pilot judg
OBJECTIVES: Neutrophils are activated and infiltrate the myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion. The involvement of neutrophils in irreversible reperfusion injury is suggested by numerous experimental studies. The aim of this study was to investigate markers of neutrophil activation following reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accomplished with percutaneous coronary intervention (
This study develops a theory for the formation of Radical Right Populist (RRP) identities based on the theory of Social Constructivism. The identity construction theory thus proposes that three components must exist in order for RRP identities to be formed. Here, RRP identities are formed during the simultaneous actions of a top ? down and a bottom ? up process of identity formation, and once a RR
The research explores the protections provided for migrant domestic workers who are highly undervalued and often exposed to trafficking, despite comprising an integral part of the labour force worldwide. Saudi Arabia is a focus destination country for the study, as it emerged from among the top destination countries absorbing 61 percent of recorded Ethiopian migrant domestic workers. Despite such
This thesis investigates how waste management in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, as a long-term complex socio-technical change process, fits in the multi-level perspective designed by Geels (2002). Due to shrinking quantities of waste that is generated in the Netherlands, the combined heat and power plants are experiencing production overcapacity. Therefore, its importing waste from the
Introduction eHealth, defined by WHO as: “the transfer of health resources and healthcare by electronic means” are expected to increase communication between healthcare providers and patients and increase accessibility and patient participation in healthcare. The aim of this research programme is to: 1) develop a sustainable multidisciplinary environment for advancing, evaluating, and implementin
This theoretical paper adopts a procedural perspective to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of the full scope of approaches to circular public procurement (CPP). We contend that beyond considering CPP from a substantive standpoint (i.e. the procurement affects outside of the organization), adopting a procedural perspective (i.e. the procurement affects inside an organizati
