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Background: Prototyping is an established practice for user interface design and for requirements engineering within agile software development, even so there is a lack of theory on prototyping. Aims: The main research objective is to provide a means to categorise prototyping instances, in order to enable comparison and reflection of prototyping practices. Method: We have performed a systematic ma
Large-scale software engineering is a collaborative effort where teams need to communicate to develop software products. Managers face the challenge of how to organise work to facilitate necessary communication between teams and individuals. This includes a range of decisions from distributing work over teams located in multiple buildings and sites, through work processes and tools for coordinatin
Cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently attracted a surge of interest in both academia and industry. Understanding the air-to-ground (A2G) propagation channels is essential to enable reliable and/or high-throughput communications for UAVs and protect the ground user equipments (UEs). In this contribution, a recently conducted measurement campaign for the A2G channels is in
Power control is becoming increasingly essential for the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems. An example use-case, among others, is the unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) communications where the nearly line-of-sight (LoS) radio channels may result in very low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs). The authors in (Chiang et al., 2007) proposed to efficiently and reliably solve this kind
In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)have been used extensively in military and civilian fields, making the research on cellular-connected UAVs a popular topic forFifth Generation (5G) and beyond communications. In order to support the increasing amount of applications, it is essential to evaluate the performance of UAV communications. In this work, the end-to-end delay, packet success
Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been considered as a key enabler for the fifth-generation (5G) communications. It is essential to design and test mmWave 5G devices under various realisticscenarios since the radio propagation channels pose intrinsic limitations on the performance. This requires emulating realistic dynamic mmWave channels in a reproducible
In platform software ecosystems, organizations partner and innovate together. Success and innovation depend on managing complex sets of business relationships and stakeholders and using a requirements-selection process. We describe the associated challenges and strategies from the study of two large proprietary platform ecosystems.
Changing climatic conditions is a perpetual circumstance for mankind. In this study, we investigate local environmental and climatic changes near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland. Our reconstruction is based on a lake sediment core and methods include chemical proxies and a palynological analysis. The investigated site is located 15 km from the Aasivissuit Inuit summer hunting ground, which has been
Configuring reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) based on a practical RIS model is a fundamental problem in RIS-assisted wireless transmission. In this work, we propose a concept named optimal phasor (OP), a latent quantity that can considerably help the practical model-based RIS configuration. Under such a concept, we can design versatile algorithms that are applicable to different RIS mode
Reliable maritime communication systems are essential for both safety-critical operations and emerging applications such as autonomous shipping, remote pilotage, and drone-assisted search and rescue. These scenarios demand ultra-reliable, low-latency wireless connectivity, where communication outages are unacceptable. Equally important is the need for dependable positioning systems. In situations
Before curation, there is collection. Before visitors engage with objects in an exhibition, collection managers engage with the objects and, in some cases, also the donors. It makes sense that especially when difficult pasts are involved, collection managers have affective encounters with the materiality before visitors do. So why has the affective turn focused mainly on engaging visitors’ emotion
Focusing on three initiatives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat – the Momentum for Change Initiative, the Lima–Paris Action Agenda, and the Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Action – this chapter studies how an international environmental bureaucracy can evolve from a low-key and servant-like secretariat to an actor in its own right. It argues that in
Delivery care in Sweden is very safe, the incidence of maternal death is 5/100 000 and perinatal death <2/100 000. The perinatal death rate among babies born at or after week 41+0 decreased from 0.17 to 0.09% (p<0.001) and obstetric anal sphincter injuries have decreased from 3.5% to 2.6%; however interventions such as induction of labour increase. A national project to improve safety for newborns
In this paper, we derive the exact input/output transfer functions of the optimal a-posteriori probability channel detector for a general ISI channel with erasures. Considering three channel impulse responses of different memory as an example, we compute the BP and MAP thresholds for regular spatially coupled LDPC codes with joint iterative detection and decoding. When we compare the results with
Time-varying spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes with very large period are characterized by significantly better error rate performance and girth properties than their time-invariant counterparts, but the number of parameters they require to be described is usually very large and unpractical. Time-invariant SC-LDPC codes, which can be seen as periodically time-varying codes
A platoon comprises a string of consecutive highly automated vehicles traveling together. Platooning allows for increased road utilization and reduced fuel consumption due to short inter-vehicular distances. Safety in terms of guaranteeing no rear-end collisions is of utmost importance for platooning systems to be deployed in practice. We compare how safely emergency braking can be handled by emer
Background: Autonomous systems have received considerable attention from academia and are adopted by various industrial domains, such as automotive, avionics, etc. As many of them are considered safety-critical, testing is indispensable to verify their reliability and safety. However, there is no common standard for testing autonomous systems efficiently and effectively. Thus new approaches for te
This paper introduces a low-complexity ultra-wideband quasi-deterministic ray tracing (QD-RT) method for statistical analysis of wireless channels. This model uses a statistical distribution to model the bistatic radar-cross-section (RCS) of irregular objects such as cars and pedestrians, instead of a deterministic propagation model, i.e., applying the exact values of bistatic RCSs. It is shown th
