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With increasing number of wirelessly connected devices having limited energy resources, energy efficient solutions become more and more important. Many studies have addressed schemes where low-power wake-up receivers are used to improve energy efficiency in networks with low traffic intensity (per node) and demands on availability. One such scheme is the duty-cycled wake-up receiver medium access
In this paper, full-and sub-structure characteristic modes (CMs) are explored through the effect of coupling between the target and background structures. The eigenvalues and eigen-current distributions of the first few modes are compared for different coupling levels in the numerical example. Similarities and differences between the two types of CMs in specific conditions are revealed, paving the
This paper presents a broadside antenna with three ports operating at the same frequency. The TM030 and TM003 modes of a patch are excited by two coaxial cables to generate two orthogonal linear polarizations. The patch can be transformed into a slotted SIW cavity whose TE201 and TE102 modes are jointly excited by the third cable. A matching cavity and a matching patch are introduced to broaden th
The performance of baseband beamforming in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems has been extensively studied for simplified statistical channel models where no angular parameters are taken into account. In contrast, there is little performance analysis with ray-based models, which are more physically motivated, feature prominently in standardization and have been experimenta
We present an architecture for distributed, heterogeneous systems where there is a clear separation of concerns for Computation, Coordination, Configuration. The computation part is often implemented in traditional programming code, and packaged as services. The other concerns might need to be addressed much later and by other people in separate organisations, or even by end users. In this paper w
Immature female rats were primed with 4 i.u. PMSG at 08:00 h of Day 26. This results in ovulation in the morning of Day 29. The number of ovulations was counted in terms of newly formed corpora lutea in the morning of Day 30. Various adrenergic drugs were delivered into the ovarian bursa bilaterally in the afternoon of Day 27 to study their effect on ovulation. A methyl cellulose gel solution was
BACKGROUND: The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, however, its improvement is restricted by its narrow genetic base. The highly variable wild peanut species, especially within Sect. Arachis, may serve as a rich genetic source of favorable alleles to peanut improvement; Sect. Arachis is the biggest taxonomic section within genus Arachis and i
To enable realistic studies of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, the COST 2100 channel model is extended based on measurements. First, the concept of a base station-side visibility region (BS-VR) is proposed to model the appearance and disappearance of clusters when using a physically-large array. We find that BS-VR lifetimes are exponentially distributed, and that the number of BS-V
The use of ultra-low power wake-up receivers (WuRx) can significantly reduce idle listening energy cost. To tailor a WuRx scheme to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based systems, such as LTE-MTC or IEEE 802.11, the wake-up signal (WUS) also needs to follow OFDM principles to avoid interfering with other transmissions in the same shared bandwidth. Here, we address this particular
In this letter, we analyze cluster characteristics in mm wave channel characteristics, based on an indoor channel measurement campaign at 28 GHz. The spatial characteristics of clusters are analyzed, and we investigate the CDFs of the intra cluster angular spreads and the number of clusters. Also we introduce the Random Cluster Number (RCN) feature to the primary module of IMT-2020 channel model,
In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) architecture, with an emphasis on aggressive millimeter-wave (mmWave) hardware reduction methods, omitting the beam selection stage. We propose a simplification in a 28 GHz Rotman lens, where the number of beam-ports are reduced relative to the array ports resulting in the removal of a bank of RF switches
Favorable propagation (FP) and channel hardening are desired properties in massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where nearly optimal performance is achieved with linear processing techniques, such as maximal-ratio combining. To date, these properties have primarily been analyzed for statistical channel models, or ray-based models with very specific angular parameters and dist
The performance of linear multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems has been extensively studied for classical statistical channel models. In contrast, there is little analysis for ray-based models, which are physically motivated, feature prominently in standards and have been experimentally validated. Thus, we present a novel analysis framework for zero forcing (ZF) and maximal
The overall system performance of massive MIMO is improved by equipping user terminals with multiple antennas. In this paper, we investigate transceiver designs for the case of a single downlink stream and in particular, we study the uplink pilot design. Moreover, we study the consequences of channel estimation errors at the base-station, and to what extent a dual-antenna terminal can get access t
The GHG-CCI project (http://www.esa-ghg-cci.org/) is one of several projects of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The goal of the CCI is to generate and deliver data sets of various satellite-derived Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) in line with GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) requirements. The "ECV Greenhouse Gases" (ECV GHG) is the global distribution of
This article investigates digital predistortion (DPD) linearization of hybrid beamforming large-scale antenna transmitters. We propose a novel DPD processing and learning technique for an antenna sub-array, which utilizes a combined signal of the individual power amplifier (PA) outputs in conjunction with a decorrelation-based learning rule. In effect, the proposed approach results in minimizing t
The thymus is the primary lymphoid organ where naïve T cells are generated; however, with the exception of age, the parameters that govern its function in healthy humans remain unknown. We characterized the variability of thymic function among 1000 age- and sex-stratified healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur cohort, using quantification of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in peripheral b
In this paper we present a Bayesian framework for utilizing the amplitude information of multipath components (MPCs) in radio-signal-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The developed algorithm exploits the complex amplitudes of MPC parameters that are provided by the radio channel parameter estimator. With this information, the algorithm can adapt the probabilities of detecting fea
In this paper, we study sliding window decoding of braided convolutional codes (BCCs) in the context of a streaming application, where decoder error propagation can be a serious problem. A window extension algorithm and a resynchronization mechanism are introduced to mitigate the effect of error propagation. In addition, we introduce a soft bit-error-rate stopping rule to reduce computational comp
This work presents an approach for radio-based localization in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments by leveraging a dual-polarization antenna array. By estimating the polarization of the received signal, it is possible to estimate the angle of reflection of a NLOS signal. An estimate of the position of the transmitter concerning the receiver can be obtained based on a joint estimation of the refl
