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Virtual 3D reconstructions of live sport events are on the horizon and to produce a high quality experience for viewers it is important that the movements of the 3D models look natural. Today, state of the art pose estimators produce data that con-tains noise, resulting in jittery animations with pose errors. The goals for this thesis were to evaluate the performance of a Long Short-Term Memory (L
I denna avhandling undersöks opinionsundersökningens introduktion i Sverige under mitten av 1900-talet. Fokus ligger på Svenska Gallupinstitutet AB, som 1941 etablerades som landets första opinionsinstitut och som introducerade den urvalsbaserade enkätundersökningen som ett nytt medium genom vilket den allmänna opinionen kunde representeras. De hade i princip monopol på området till 1950-talets miThis thesis examines the introduction and impact of opinion polling in Sweden during the mid-twentieth century, focusing on the activities of the Swedish Gallup Institute (Svenska Gallupinstitutet). Established in 1941 as the country’s first polling organization, the institute introduced sample surveys as a new means of representing public opinion and had a near-monopoly on polling until its decli
In order to accurately assess the quality of low-resolution biogeophysical parameter products, accurate scale transformations are essential. However, different scaling models often lead to inconsistent transformation results. More worryingly, many biogeophysical parameters are not scale-invariant, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which makes the quality assessment of low-
Temperature impacts on microbiological processes are crucial for soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning, yet existing models either fail to capture microbial temperature dependences across the full biokinetic range or risk overparameterization. Here we present the “Dual-Kinetics Ratkowsky” model (Ratkowsky DK), which simultaneously describes temperature dependences of microbial growth and
Forest disturbances can cause shifts in boreal vegetation cover from predominantly evergreen to deciduous trees or non-forest dominance. This, in turn, impacts land surface properties and, potentially, regional climate. Accurately considering such shifts in future projections of vegetation dynamics under climate change is crucial but hindered (e.g., uncertainties in future disturbance regimes). In
Life-history strategies emerge from eco-evolutionary constraints, where organisms allocate limited resources to growth, survival, and reproduction, resulting in trade-offs such as the growth–survival trade-off. There is still a limited understanding of whether and how disturbance regimes and successional stages might mediate such trade-offs, with potential consequences for species population dynam
Given the severe land-use and land-cover change pressure on tropical forests and the high demand for field observations of ecosystem characteristics, it is crucial to collect such data both in pristine tropical forests and in the converted deforested land-cover classes. To gain insight into the ecosystem characteristics of pristine tropical forests (EFs), regrowth forests (RFs), and cashew plantat
For exploring forest performance in the future, dynamic vegetation models are important tools. Tree mortality is a crucial process in these models, but explicit representations of major agents of mortality have often been relatively underdeveloped. In needle-leaved forest in the temperate and boreal zones, bark beetles are often important for the mortality pattern. The European spruce bark beetle
Rewetting is widely promoted as a climate mitigation strategy to preserve soil carbon in drained wetlands, although rewetting may enhance methane production and corresponding emissions. The increase in methane emissions following rewetting might be underestimated without considering near-surface methane oxidation under a fluctuating water table. Here, we refined the methane module in Lund-Potsdam-
Coastal port cities are key regions for carbon emissions (CEs) research in China, due to their industrial density, frequent transportation, and diverse human activities. Taking Ningbo City as a case study, this study employed a top-down accounting method and integrated multiple sources of geospatial data to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of CEs from four sectors, including
Global warming accelerates the breakdown of carbon stored in permafrost regions, releasing it into the atmosphere and amplifying climate change, particularly during winter when photosynthesis ceases. The Northern Hemisphere's permafrost is primarily concentrated in two key regions — the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau — each with distinct environmental characteristics. However, previous studies oft
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a key climatic factor that influences vegetation productivity and the global carbon cycle. With ongoing climate warming, VPD has been rising globally. However, the effects of this increase on gross primary production (GPP), especially under different driving mechanisms, remain unclear. This uncertainty limits our ability to predict terrestrial ecosystem
Projecting El Niño-Southern Oscillation responses to future climate change are hindered by limited paleoclimate records spanning past abrupt climate transitions. This study combines multi-proxy records from the Northwest Borneo Trough over the past 30 kyr with transient climate simulations, reconstructing tropical western Pacific hydroclimate during Heinrich events and Bølling–Allerød warming. Res
We consider the problem of reconstructing the sound field in a room using prior information of the boundary geometry, represented as a point cloud. In general, when no boundary information is available, an accurate sound field reconstruction over a large spatial region and at high frequencies requires numerous microphone measurements. On the other hand, if all geometrical and acoustical aspects of
Deception jamming is a powerful technique used to disrupt various radar systems. In this work, we propose a novel sensor selection scheme for FDA-MIMO radar systems designed to maximize the likelihood of accurate jammer identification. The approach exploits the inherent delay between a jammer measuring incoming waveforms and its response. This delay induces a slight shift in the perceived distance
Many forms of small-size radars suffer from minor clock oscillations due to crystalline impurities in their internal clocks, causing time-varying clock offsets between the transmitter and the receivers. This offset causes a bias and an increased variance in the positioning of close-range targets, limiting the achievable accuracy well beyond the expected estimation limitations. Furthermore, an appr
Boreal forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and currently act as an important carbon sink. At the same time, these forests are increasingly affected by intensive forest management and a changing disturbance regime driven by climate change. Clear-cutting has been the dominant harvesting method in managed boreal forests, while wildfire, although rare over the last century in Sweden
Accurate, high-resolution global land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is crucial for environmental monitoring, but remains challenging when relying solely on multispectral data. Most existing global LULC mapping studies rely exclusively on multispectral observations, and even those that incorporate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data often fail to fully exploit the information it provides. SAR p
Addressing global water crises demands effective communication across diverse audiences, especially in initiatives such as the scientific decade HELPING by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). This study synthesizes insights from the hydrological community, gathered through interviews, workshops and a digital survey. We identify key challenges and best practices across th
