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This study analyzed daily temperature data from 114 meteorological stations in the Qinling-Daba Mountains from 1980 to 2017, focusing on core zones (CE I ≥ 2274 m, CE II 1321–2274 m) and peripheral zones (PE I 668–1321 m, PE II < 668 m). Using 15 extreme temperature indices computed with RClimDex, we assessed the spatiotemporal patterns, trends, and response to climate warming of extreme temperatu

The dynamics of atmospheric CO2 concentrations during and following the last deglaciation have mainly been ascribed to carbon release from and uptake in oceans, primarily in the Southern Ocean. But recent studies also point toward a terrestrial influence. We quantify dynamic changes to northern terrestrial carbon stocks from the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years) until present at millennial time

Gross primary production (GPP) of the vegetation is the largest carbon exchange process of the global carbon cycle. Currently, within satellite-based remote sensing, GPP is generally modelled using linear light use efficiency models where GPP is related to photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the green vegetation (APAR). These models work well on moderate to low spatiotemporal averaging

Climate, forest successional stage, and soil substrate age can alter herbivore communities and their effects on biogeochemical cycling, but the size and spatial variability of these effects are poorly quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a globally distributed network of 50 broadleaved old-growth forests across six continents, encompassing well-constrained local-scale gradient

In recent years, under the influence of climate change and human activities, droughts and floods have occurred frequently in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), seriously threatening socioeconomic development and ecological security. The topography and climate of the YRB are complex, so it is crucial to develop appropriate drought and flood policies based on the drought and flood characteristics of dif

With solar projects worldwide expected to expand rapidly, understanding the ecosystem impacts is vital. Recent work highlights that optimizing land use strategies can significantly enhance carbon sequestration in the hosting ecosystem, making them a more effective tool in combating climate change.

The standard approach for visual place recognition is to use global image descriptors to retrieve the most similar database images for a given query image. The results can then be further improved with re-ranking methods that re-order the top scoring images. However, existing methods focus on re-ranking based on the same image descriptors that were used for the initial retrieval, which we argue pr

Lake water storage variations on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) serve as crucial indicators of regional hydrological dynamics and climate changes, providing more comprehensive insights than discrete measurements of lake area or water level alone. While accurate bathymetric data is fundamental for quantifying lake water storage, conventional bathymetric surveys are often constrained by logistical challen

Turbulent heat transfer over rough surfaces is crucial in natural and industrial processes, yet it has received less attention than that of momentum transfer. Recently, research in this field is rapidly growing, driven by advancements in computational methods, the role of surface roughness in meteorology, and the growing use of Additive Manufacturing technologies for energy and thermal management

Under sustained global warming, Arctic climate is projected to become more responsive to changes in North Pacific meridional heat transport as a result of teleconnections between low and high latitudes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct subarctic humidity changes over the past 400 kyr to investigate the role of low-to-high latitude interactions in regulat

Elevated air temperature and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are key drivers of plant physiological and ecological processes. However, their relative impacts on vegetation productivity remain difficult to isolate due to the strong coupling between them. This coupling complicates efforts to disentangle independent effects, particularly under compound drought conditions at regional or globa

Shallow lakes worldwide face escalating pressures from eutrophication and climate change, yet comprehensive monitoring of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) spatiotemporal dynamics remains challenging due to the high costs and logistical constraints of traditional sampling approaches across large, heterogeneous water bodies. Lake Balaton, a large shallow lake system (80 km long, 7 km wide, 3.7 m mean depth) in

Understanding greenhouse gas fluxes in semi-arid ecosystems is critical for improving our understanding of biogeochemical cycles, particularly in underrepresented regions like the African Sahel. In these landscapes, greenhouse gas exchange arises from ground, trees, and water ponds, and is further shaped by environmental conditions and grazing. The carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes

Mercury (Hg) has been stored in permafrost peatlands for millennia. As permafrost thaw is predicted to increase with ongoing climate warming, Hg is at risk to be remobilized from those peatlands and hotspots for Hg methylation could potentially form. Monomethylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxin and a health concern to northern communities if Hg is remobilized, transformed to MeHg and subsequentl

Monitoring the changes of ecosystem functioning is pivotal for understanding the global carbon cycle. Despite its size and contribution to the global carbon cycle, Africa is largely understudied in regard to ongoing changes of its ecosystem functioning and their responses to climate change. One of the reasons is the lack of long-term in situ data. Here, we use eddy covariance to quantify the net e

The traditional remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), based on principal component analysis (PCA) to integrate four evaluation indexes: greenness (NDVI), humidity (WET), dryness (NDBSI), and heat (LST), is insufficient to comprehensively consider the influence of each eco-environment evaluation index on eco-environment quality (EEQ). In this research, a new comprehensive remote sensing ecologica

We present novel approaches involving generative adversarial networks and diffusion models in order to synthesize high-quality, live, and spoof fingerprint images while preserving features such as uniqueness and diversity. We generate live fingerprints from noise with a variety of methods, and we use image translation techniques to translate live fingerprint images to spoof. To generate different

In 2022, the Yangtze River Basin in China experienced an unprecedented extreme drought, induced by high temperatures and precipitation deficits. Accurate monitoring of such extreme drought events is vitally significant for disaster mitigation under global warming. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two satellite-based precipitation products: the latest Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals