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In this study we introduce a novel extension of an existing Lagrangian particle dispersion model for application over urban areas by explicitly taking into account the urban canopy layer. As commonly done, the original model uses the zero-plane displacement as a lower boundary condition, while the extension reaches to the ground. To achieve this, spatially-averaged parametrizations of flow and tur
Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the i
Land sharing versus land sparing describes contrasting strategies to conserve biodiversity while maintaining agricultural production. We comprehensively reviewed empirical studies comparing land-sharing and land-sparing strategies to assess how these were conceptualized and how consequences for biodiver- sity, commodity production, and additional ecosystem services have been quantified. Out of 52
This paper extends the application of Bayesian inference to probability distributions defined in terms of its quantile function. We describe the method of *indirect likelihood* to be used in the Bayesian models with sampling distributions which lack an explicit cumulative distribution function. We provide examples and demonstrate the equivalence of the "quantile-based" (indirect) likelihood to the
Root exudates can significantly modify microbial activity and soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. However, how root exudates and their C/N stoichiometric ratios control paddy soil C mineralization is poorly understood. This study used a mixture of glucose, oxalic acid, and alanine as root exudate mimics for three C/N stoichiometric ratios (CN6, CN10, and CN80) to explore the underlying mecha
NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for fi
Public preferences for sustainable land use policy instruments and the motivations behind such preferences are important to make appropriate policies. Based on survey data (n = 309) from northeastern Somalia, we examined preferences for a set of land use policy instruments relative to no policy (i.e. the current status quo) and how cultural worldviews predict such preferences. We used a multinomia
The view that soil organic C (SOC) is formed mainly from non-metabolised and recalcitrant organic residues is being challenged by an emerging view that metabolic by-products form more stable associations with soil minerals. However, the effects of C substrate identity and soil mineral composition (and interactions) on microbial physiology and SOC formation are still not well understood. We added c
Large grazers are known to affect ecosystem functioning even to the degree where ecosystems transition to another vegetation state. Alongside the vegetation change, several features of ecosystem functioning, such as ecosystem carbon sink capacity and soil carbon mineralisation rates, may be altered. It has remained largely uninvestigated how the grazing effects on carbon cycling processes depend o
Detta examensarbete har gjorts I samarbete med Tylö AB, ett bastuföretag med säte i Halmstad. De hade behov av att utreda möjligheten att använda universella, gärna likadana, gångjärn på alla sina bastudörrar i glas. Idag används flera olika typer av gångjärn beroende på var dörren ska monteras och alla olika gångjärn kräver olika typer av bearbetning på glasdörren för att kunna monteras. Tylö vil
Residential energy consumption in Europe is unsustainable, relying heavily on fossil fuels and contributing to climate change. The European energy crisis, as a naturally occurring experiment, disrupted energy consumption in households due to drastically increased prices and raised public awareness while creating a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of change in household energy consumption.
I vissa svenska kommunala grundskolor har skolavslutningar i kyrkan länge varit en tradition. Skolverket och skolinspektionen uttalar att skolavslutningar får hållas i kyrkan och att vissa religiösa inslag så som psalmsång får förekomma. I svensk lagstiftning finns dock inget direkt stöd för att skolavslutningar får hållas i kyrkan. Med anledning av detta meddelade riksdagens utbildningsutskott i In some Swedish municipal primary schools a common gathering in the local church at the end of every term is a well established tradition. The National Agencies for Education (Skolverket and Skolinspektionen) have come to the conclusion that these gatherings can take place in a church and that a certain degree of religious activities can take place, for example the singing of religious hymns. Howe
This work has been done for Tetra Pak Distribution (TPD) at the Department of Engineering Logistic at the Lund Institute of Technology. My task was mainly to create a set of simulation models based on the Tetra Pak Distribution Lines. These models are going to be used by TPD to try to analyse the effect of the accumulation systems on the line efficiency. The inputs for the models are failure rate
New Public Management in practice. A study of employers´strategies in wage policy settings in a minicipality. The purpose of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the implementation of wage policies and pay criteria's in a municipality from the perspective of the employers. The study is thus an attempt to analyse how employers in a municipality, in southern Sweden, impleme
Soil pore space, considered the most complex biomaterial that exists, generates a complex environment, that gives rise to a wide variety of properties, such as microbial diversity and carbon storage. Soils contain, at the same time, the largest carbon reservoir on earth and an immense amount of nutrient-limited microbial biomass. The reason why this carbon is not consumed by soil microbes is attri
Understanding how ecological communities assemble in relation to natural and human-induced environmental changes is critical, particularly for communities of pollinators that deliver essential ecosystem services. Despite widespread attention to interactions between functional traits and community responses to environmental changes, the importance of sensory traits has received little attention. To
BACKGROUND: Telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) variations are linked to age-related diseases and are associated with environmental exposure and nutritional status. Limited data, however, exist on the associations with mercury exposure, particularly early in life.OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure and TL and mtDNAcn in 1,145 S
