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Particle image velocimetry is applied to measure the vertical (r-z) plane flow structures in a light-duty direct-injection diesel engine with a realistic piston geometry. The measurements are corrected for optical distortions due to the curved piston bowl walls and the cylindrical liner. Mean flow fields are presented and contrasted for operation both with and without fuel injection and combustion
We have exploited the spatial and kinetic resolution of ellipsometry to monitor the lateral movement of inhomogeneous patches of material in mixed adsorption layers of poly(ethylene imine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate at the air/liquid interface. We show that the choice of sample preparation methods can have a profound effect on the state of the interface for chemically equivalent samples. The exten
This article studies the importance of demand and supply factors in the Swedish fertility transition using county-level data and panel regressions. Fertility started to decline around 1880 when marital fertility began a continuous decline. A gradual diffusion of parity-specific control was important in this process. The fertility of the oldest age groups declined fastest, even though the decline s
A method for studying PCB desorption behaviour from sediments using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is presented. Four sediments were investigated and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide employing increasingly harsher extraction conditions ranging from 40 degrees C and 12MPa to 100 degrees C and 36.5 MPa. To ensure quantitative extractions, the
Since the late 1970s the central government of China has initiated several ecological environmental protection projects. The most significant of these has been the tui geng huan lin (returning cultivated land to forest and pasture) project in operation since the late 1990s. China's northwest region is characterized by lack of water resources, yet such resources are of vital importance. There is sc
We studied long-term trends and the yearly variation in mean spring passage time in 36 passerine bird species trapped at Ottenby Bird Observatory in south-eastern Sweden. Between the years 1952-2002, data were available for 22-45 years depending on species. Most long-distance migrant species passed progressively earlier over the study period (range: 2.5 days earlier to 0.7 days later per 10 years,
The commercially available preparation of beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans, known as Biolacta FN5, has been extensively used in the production of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS). This study focuses on characterizing the production of GOS in two reaction systems: 10% lactose (w/v) in buffer and skim milk. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the GOS yield along with the relat
Human activity often causes a decline in the local density of plant populations. Below some critical lower density, populations may suffer a progressive decline in reproductive success because of the difficulties associated with finding suitable mates. Therefore, to conserve endangered plant species it is necessary to understand in greater detail how changes in population density affect different
Previous research into variation in sex allocation strategies in birds has provided evidence for sex ratio adjustments by parents to maximize fitness, based on differences in the costs of producing males and females. Additionally, studies of melanin-based color polymorphism indicate that life history strategies, physiology, and behavior may vary among color variants of the same species. This study
The purpose of this study is to investigate what challenges sustainable entrepreneurs in the food industry face when capturing value and how they aim to overcome them. To that end, we develop a theoretical framework based on relevant literature on sustainable entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial studies and environmental science. Furthermore, we conducted nine case studies, drawing from semi-structur
School-based sex education plays an influential role for adolescents in England. Existing research shows that adolescents are a vulnerable population who are more likely to get a sexually transmitted infection over another age group. Girls between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four are particularly vulnerable to getting an STI. In some countries, a framework called comprehensive sexuality educati
This study aimed to investigate the value of HEXACO personality traits in predicting job crafting, as well as the relationship between the proactive dimensions of HEXACO (extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness) and job crafting, work engagement and employment types. Based on previous literature findings, this study proposed that job crafting will mediate the relationship between personality
Interneurons have been found to be important for normal cognitive function. Impairments to their growth or signaling have been indicated to be involved in the development of schizophrenia, autism and epilepsy. Defective functioning in GABA:ergic interneurons has been linked to undesired desynchronous firing in neural signals as a consequence of these interneurons firing too infrequently or not at
Purpose: To examine the wealth-generating effects of LBO exits from the PEs perspective depending on different exit strategies, and to identify how private sponsors’ features like historical performance, size, experience etc. might influence the success of the exit as well as the exit route choice. Methodology: A short-term event study to detect a cumulative abnormal return around LBO exit announc
The recent geopolitical tensions between Russia and the West and the deconsolidation processes in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have recently sparked a debate on Russia’s foreign policy strategy. This thesis analyzes whether an increase in Russian economic activity in CEE is associated with a decline in the quality of governance in the region. As a proxy for the quality of governanc
As the process of business model innovation has not been highly researched on and as start-ups face the threat of failure due to a lack of a suitable business model, the purpose of this master thesis was to describe and visualise the process of business model innovation of start-ups as well as to discover the patterns within their processes. Thereby, we aim to provide a better understanding of the
After more than 50 years of internal armed conflict, the peace agreement between the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia- People’s Army (FARC-EP) raises both hope and concern. There are several opportunities for people, derived from wealth and land redistribution. However, the environmental sustainability of the mechanisms to implement the agreements represent the b
In this thesis, translation of classic Japanese poetry into Danish will be examined in the form of analysing translations of the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. Difficulties will be surveyed, and ways of handling them will be suggested. Furthermore, differences between the Danish translations and those of English and Swedish translations will be noted. Relevant translation methods will be presented, as well
The thesis examines the marketing strategies implemented by the two biggest e-commerce companies in Japan, namely Rakuten and Amazon.co.jp, in order to address their international customers. Specifically, the study is conducted by means of a multiple-case study design, an interpretivist approach and a qualitative Web Content Analysis on the two firms’ websites in English language. The theoretical
