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The four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water in multicopper oxidases takes place in a trinuclear copper cluster, which is linked to a mononuclear blue copper site, where the substrates are oxidized. Recently, several intermediates in the catalytic cycle have been spectroscopically characterized, and two possible structural models have been suggested for both the peroxy and native intermediates
The flow field generated by the flow into a jet engine air-intake, with near ground effects, is considered. The axial inflow in the neighborhood of the ground generates a system of unsteady vortices. Some of these vortices extend from the air-intake towards the ground. Some of these vortices are strong enough to dislocate and even lift small objects from the ground up to the air-intake. The dynami
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste årtiondena har vattenfärgen i många svenska sjöar och vattendrag ökat. Detta innebär att vattnet blir brunare, och detta fenomen benämns därför brunifiering. Brunifiering är inget unikt för Sverige, utan förekommer på åtskilliga ställen på norra halvklotet. Brunifieringen påverkar det akvatiska ekosystemet och vattnets potentiella samhällsnytta. Ur en eThe term brownification refers to the trend of increasing water color, i.e. the water becoming browner, which has been observed throughout the northern hemisphere over the last decades. Brownification has both ecological and societal implications. From an ecological point of view the impaired light climate may e.g. reduce aquatic primary production and affect predator-prey interactions within the
This article studies a hitherto unexplored dimension of the Chinese Civil War: the disparity between modern military technology and the conceptual and logistical capacities of the two warring sides. The author argues that the advanced weaponry, received by the Nationalists from their ally, the United States, but often captured on the battlefield by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) forces, proved
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INTRODUCTION: Analogues of vitamin A have been shown to influence growth of malignant tissue, such as pancreatic cancer. AIMS: To study the expression of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) in pancreatic cancer cells and the effect of three different retinoids on the cell number in vitro were studied. METHODOLOGY: Cell lines were established from 13 patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic adenocar
The most prominent of the two major global delta C-13 excursions in the Ordovician, the Hirnantian delta C-13 excursion (HICE), which is previously recorded from the uppermost Ordovician in a few sections in Nevada, Quebec, Arctic Canada, Baltoscandia, Scotland and China, is documented for the first time from the North American Midcontinent. Samples through the Girardeau Limestone and Leemon Forma
The influence of bile on the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and, thereby, on the regulation of exocrine pancreatic function and growth is unsettled. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of long-term diversion of bile from the upper small intestine on CCK release and on the pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. A surgical biliodigestive shunt was performed in rats, diverting t
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to present an update on the evidence-based effects of exercise in systemic lupus erythematosus and in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Recent findings: Physical capacity is reduced in both systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome and fatigue is a dominating and disabling symptom in both conditions. The documentation on the effect of e
Retinal cone photoreceptors mediate fine visual acuity, daylight vision, and color vision. Congenital hereditary conditions in which there is a lack of cone function in humans cause achromatopsia, an autosomal recessive trait, characterized by low vision, photophobia, and lack of color discrimination. Herein we report the identification of mutations in the PDE6C gene encoding the catalytic subunit
Objective: To assess the cross-sectional association between meniscal status and joint effusion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in knees without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). Design: Knees without OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade 0) from the Framingham and MOST studies were examined by MRI. Meniscal status was assessed with a score of 0-4 in the anterior horn/body/posterior horn of the medial/l
Conodont faunas solve the long-standing problem regarding the relationships between the Hogklint, Tofta, and lower Slite. The name Hangvar Formation is here formally introduced for the strata identified between the Tofta Formation and the Slite Group. The Hangvar Fm. includes marls as far SW as near Paviken (previously Slite Marl), argillaceous limestones (seen only in the most distal areas access
The lifetimes of the first excited states of the N=30 isotones Ca-50 and Sc-51 have been determined using the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift method in combination with the CLARA-PRISMA spectrometers. This is the first time such a method is applied to measure lifetimes of neutron-rich nuclei populated via a multinucleon transfer reaction. This extends the lifetime knowledge beyond the f(7/2) shell c
The relative importance of natural selection in the diversification of organisms. can be assessed indirectly using matrix correspondence. The present study determines the environmental and genetic correlates of microgeographical variation in the growth form, leaf form and flower morphology in populations of four Aeonium species from section Leuconium using partial regression methods. The phylogeny
