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Rapid urbanization has placed the sustainable development of some watershed ecosystems in jeopardy. In order to achieve sustainable urban development, it is vital to identify the coupling mechanisms between urbanization and the ecological environment quality. This study establishes indicators to evaluate the Jiulong River Basin’s urbanization and ecological environment systems. These are utilized
This chapter focuses on taxation in Africa since 1900. Using existing data and insights from the literature, the chapter documents taxes collected by colonial and post-colonial states, exploring what was taxed, the types of taxes, the tax revenue patterns and the socio-political contexts shaping taxation policies. It begins by discussing the fundamental principles of taxation and forms of direct a
Using eighteenth-century archival material from a Danish trading fort in West Africa, we explore how accounting and accountability systems were complicit with the crafting and narration of racialized slave trading during mercantile colonialism. By examining the role of accounting not at the slave trade's endpoint, e.g., plantations in the Americas, but at its points of extraction, we reveal the ro
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown that women with an early menopause are at higher risk of stroke compared with women with a later menopause. However, associations with stroke subtypes are inconsistent, and the causality is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data of the UK Biobank and EPIC-CVD (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Diseases)
The Grande de Tárcoles River in Costa Rica is one of the most polluted and degraded river basins in Central America. At the same time Costa Rica is a country internationally recognized for progressive environmental management. At least on paper, the country fosters sustainable river management in the form of integrated water resources management (IWRM). In the specific case of the Grande de Tárcol
This chapter offers a theoretical approach to the study of humorous digital memes. Using vaccination and pandemic policy memes on Reddit as examples, the chapter’s main contribution is an understanding of memes as forms of symbolic levelling that reflect and construct civic trust or distrust. Arguing for a theoretically informed methodological approach sensitive to memes’ polysemic ambiguity, seve
This article studies a hitherto unexplored dimension of the Chinese Civil War: the disparity between modern military technology and the conceptual and logistical capacities of the two warring sides. The author argues that the advanced weaponry, received by the Nationalists from their ally, the United States, but often captured on the battlefield by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) forces, proved
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The Third Edition of the highly acclaimed Encyclopedia of Special Education offers a thoroughly revised, comprehensive A to Z compilation of authoritative information on the education of those with special needs. All articles are cross-referenced, and citations guiding you to related sources appear at the end of each entry.
Abstract is not available
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) have great potential as clean energy conversion devices. Therefore, studies are required to increase the understanding of a PEFC at real operating conditions. Two variables that significantly affect the performance are the temperature and the current load. In the present study, a fundamental constitutive part's performance, e.g., the polymeric membrane (PM) N
