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Purpose: To achieve the high sensitivity of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a time-consuming reading is necessary. However, synthetic mammography (SM) images, equivalent to digital mammography (DM), can be generated from DBT images. SM is faster to read and might be sufficient in many cases. We investigate using artificial intelligence (AI) to stratify examinations into reading of either SM or
OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the time of diagnosis of adult-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes, in a recent cohort and compare to a previous cohort from the same region. Further, to explore factors influencing the prevalence of pre-existing CVD, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and C-peptide; in the later cohort also heart failure, hy
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), is vital for understanding cellular processes involved in AD pathogenesis. Evidence implicates endosomes as a central player in AD, where endosomal enlargement in neurons is among the earliest changes in AD. This enlargement was reported to be enhanced in APOE4 carriers. Cells internalize ApoE into endosomes for
This paper examines how the concept ‘nature-positive’ as a means to enhance biodiversity is defined and used, viewed through the lens of power. Building on a three-dimensional conceptualization of power, we elaborate on i) how ‘nature-positive’ enters and remains on business and policy agendas, ii) different interpretations from both ecological and business perspectives, and iii) the governance of
III-Nitride high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on AlN substrates offer significant advantages for high-power, high-frequency applications due to AlN high thermal conductivity and ultra-wide bandgap. However, achieving high-quality thin GaN channel layers on AlN is challenging because of lattice mismatch, which leads to columnar growth. In this work, we present the development of a tw
Objective: To determine bone shape changes over two years after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to compare knees treated with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) vs no ACLR. Design: We used prospective data involving 129 young adults (46 % female, mean age 25 years) with recent ACL injury from a subcohort within the prospective multicenter NACOX study. Patients were treated according to S
Aging is the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, yet the cell-type-specific progression of brain aging remains poorly understood. Here, human cell-type-specific transcriptomic aging clocks are developed using high-quality single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from post mortem human prefrontal cortex tissue of 31 donors aged 18–94 years, encompassing 73,941 high-quality nuclei. Di
The photoelectric effect explained by Einstein is often regarded as a one-electron phenomenon, whereas the interaction of the escaping electron with other electrons, referred to as electron correlation, plays an important role in multielectron systems. In this Letter, we study the attosecond photoionization of the outer s subshell of argon in its substantial minimum cross-section region formed by
Transition metal complexes featuring ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states have been identified as promising candidates for driving electron transfer processes. To obtain an efficient system based on photo-induced bimolecular electron transfer, it is required that (1) photo-induced charge separation (CS) is faster than charge recombination (CR) of the separated charges, and (2) CR
Background: Induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest is neuroprotective in several animal models of cardiac arrest, but few high-quality studies have been conducted in larger animals. Recent clinical trials have questioned the beneficial effects of post-ischemic hypothermia. This study investigated whether immediate cooling or a 2-h delay in cooling to 33 °C after cardiac arrest was neuroprotectiv
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between dairy intake and dementia risk remains uncertain, especially for dairy products with varying fat contents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between high-fat and low-fat dairy intake and dementia risk.METHODS: This study used data from a prospective cohort in Sweden, the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, which consisted of commu
Organoid systems hold promise as miniaturized in vitro platforms that model developmental and pathological processes. However, the engineering of human bone marrow organoids (BMOs) has been a long-standing challenge. Recently, the field has witnessed the emergence of BMO-like systems, a potential paradigm shift for the study of human hematopoiesis and associated niche elements. Published protocols
Droplets are sophisticated micro-compartments crucial for lab-on-a-chip and bio-medical applications. There have been significant efforts towards generating monodisperse droplets as the uniformity of droplets affects performance. Recently, we introduced a new method to continuously reform existing emulsions improving monodispersity in an ultrasound-actuated microcavity via a trap-coalesce-split me
The Australian Bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) is a small noctuid moth that undertakes annual, nocturnal migrations of up to 1000 km to escape the summer heat of its breeding grounds. The moths travel to cool alpine caves, where they enter a dormant state (aestivation) before returning to reproduce and die. During migration, their brains integrate magnetic and visual cues to guide their flight direct
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides within the central nervous system. The formation of amyloid fibrils from amyloid-beta peptides is a hallmark of AD Here, we demonstrate that the aggregation of amyloid-beta 42 spreads both spatially and temporally. By measuring the spatial propagation of amyloid-beta in macroscopic capillaries and performing Mo
We investigate the influence of AlN buffer thickness on the structural, electrical, and thermal properties of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on semi-insulating SiC substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy reveal that while thin AlN layers (120 nm) exhibit compressive strain and smooth step-flow surfaces, thicke
Cushioned lipid bilayers are structures consisting of a lipid bilayer supported on a solid substrate with an intervening layer of soft material. They offer possibilities for studying the behavior and interactions of biological membranes more accurately under physiological conditions. In this work, we continue our studies of cushion formation induced by histatin 5 (24Hst5), focusing on the effect o
Oligomeric species arising during the aggregation of α-synuclein are implicated as a major source of toxicity in Parkinson’s disease, and thus a major potential drug target. However, both their mechanism of formation and role in aggregation are largely unresolved. Here we show that, at physiological pH and in the absence of lipid membranes, α-synuclein aggregates form by secondary nucleation
