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BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cancer-related toxicity in workers in different Swedish industry sectors with exposures to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)).MethodsThe study consisted of 111 exposed workers and 72 controls. The exposed workers were performing manufacture/processing of metal products (n=55), working in steel production (n=31
Background & Aims: It is unclear to what extent lifestyle and genetic factors affect the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general population and if lifestyle affects CLD independently of underlying cardiometabolic perturbations and genetic predisposition. Methods: We examined 27,991 men and women aged 44-73 years from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study recruited between 1991-1996 a
Background/ Objectives: Research into ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is hampered by the rarity of the disease and thesubsequent small sample sizes of observational cohorts. This is further aggravated by the observational cohorts being containedin fragmented data pools and lacking standardisation to allow for interoperability. FAIRVASC is a Europe-wide research project,which has developed an infr
Large language models for artificial intelligence applications require energy-efficient computing. Neuromorphic photonics has the potential to reach significantly lower energy consumption in comparison with classical electronics. A recently proposed memlumor device uses photoluminescence output that carries information about its excitation history via the excited state dynamics of the material. So
The accelerating use of plastics worldwide is of societal concern, especially as plastics fragment into smaller, micro- and nano-sized particles. Of particular importance is the effects on aquatic ecosystems since a major part of the nanoplastics eventually reach natural water systems. We identify, using replicated experimental wetlands, a tipping point where nanoplastics become detrimental to the
Aims To explore whether circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, MMP-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, MMP-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), MMP-14, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were associated with the severity and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Baseline and prospective analyses were conducted over a period
Objective: Patients with RA treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). The objective of this study was to investigate the serological immunogenicity and safety of the HZ subunit (HZ/su) vaccine in RA patients treated with JAKi, for which little is known. Methods: RA patients treated with JAKi (n = 82) at the Department of Rheumatology, Skåne Universit
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females globally. However, we know relatively little about trends in males. This study describes United Kingdom (UK) secular trends in breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 for both sexes. We describe a population-based cohort study using UK primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and Aurum databases. There were 5,848,436 elig
A neurological dogma is that the contralateral effects of brain injury are set through crossed descending neural tracts. We have recently identified a novel topographic neuroendocrine system (T-NES) that operates via a humoral pathway and mediates the left-right side-specific effects of unilateral brain lesions. In rats with completely transected thoracic spinal cords, unilateral injury to the sen
BACKGROUND: Child stunting is a significant challenge for most districts in Rwanda and much of sub-Saharan Africa and persists despite multisectoral efforts. There is a notable lack of population-based studies examining the correlation between violence against women and child stunting in Rwanda.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between Rwandan women's exposure to intimate partner
Satellite imagery is a potent tool for estimating human wealth and poverty, especially in regions lacking reliable data. This study compares a range of poverty estimation approaches from satellite images, spanning from expert-based to fully machine learning-based methodologies. Human experts ranked clusters from the Tanzania DHS survey using high-resolution satellite images. Then expert-defined fe
Isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) generation usually involves the use of short-medium gas cells operated at high pressures. In contrast, long-medium schemes at low pressures are commonly perceived as inherently unsuitable for IAP generation due to the nonlinear phenomena that challenge favourable phase-matching conditions. Here we provide clear experimental evidence on the generation of isolated ext
Second-order phase transitions appear as a divergence in one of the linear response functions. For a system of correlated electrons, the relevant divergent response can and does involve many-particle observables, most famously the double occupancy. Generally, evaluating the linear response function of many-particle observables requires a many-particle generalization of the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
We perform an experimental two-color high-order harmonic generation study in argon with the fundamental of an ytterbium ultrashort pulse laser and its second harmonic. The intensity of the second harmonic and its phase relative to the fundamental are varied, in a large range compared to earlier works, while keeping the total intensity constant. We extract the optimum values for the relative phase
Neurogenesis continues throughout life in two key regions, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG), but declines with age alongside increased chronic inflammation and microglial activation. These neurogenic niches differ in their susceptibility to systemic changes, with the SVZ located near cerebrospinal fluid and the DG influenced by local neural activity. We found that immune change
Purpose: Cancer survivors experience barriers to primary healthcare (PHC) services. The aim was to explore reactions to and opinions about perceived challenges associated with PHC access and quality among cancer survivors in Sweden, including how they have acted to adapt to challenges. Methods: Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with cancer survivors (n = 20) from Skåne, Sw
Background: Despite known benefits of physical activity in reducing breast cancer risk, its impact on mammographic characteristics remain unclear and understudied. This study aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic physical activity and mammographic features at breast cancer diagnosis, specifically mammographic breast density (MBD) and mammographic tumor appearance (MA), as well a
Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between ultra-processed food consumption and breast cancer risk, although some studies also reported no association. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the associations between intake of food with lower degrees of processing and breast cancer risk is limited. Thus, we investigated the associations between dietary intake by degre
Direct thermal-to-electric energy converters typically operate in the linear regime, where the ratio of actual maximum power relative to the ideal maximum power, the so-called fill factor (FF), is 0.25. Here, we show, based on fundamental symmetry considerations, that the leading order nonlinear terms that can increase the FF require devices with broken spatial symmetry. Studying nonlinear, thermo
BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with impaired antibody levels after childhood vaccinations and immunosuppressive effects in animals. However, the in vivo effects of PFAS on antigen specific human T cell responses have not been investigated in adults. In Ronneby, Sweden, the drinking water of one of the water works was previously highly contaminated with primarily
