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The paper analyses some properties that are obtained when using load current measurements to control DC-DC power converters. The analysis is made for the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters with current mode control. The two major properties obtained are low output impedance and an almost invariant control-to-output transfer function for different loads. It is shown that the use of the load cur

In patients with radiculopathy due to degenerative disease in the cervical spine, surgical outcome is still presenting with moderate results. The preoperative investigations consist of clinical investigation, careful history and most often magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. When MRI shows multilevel degeneration, different strategies are used for indicating which nerve root/ro

Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) are one of the critical parameters for a quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation from fossil pollen records. Modern pollen and vegetation data were collected in traditional landscapes of southern Sweden to derive PPE for the most characteristic plant taxa. The 42 selected sites are assumed to be good analogues of historical to prehistorical grasslands. A

Ring chromosomes are cytogenetic hallmarks of genomic amplification in several bone and soft tissue tumors, in particular atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT). In ALT, the ring chromosomes invariably contain amplified material from the central part of the long arm of chromosome 12, mainly 12q 12 -> 15, but often also segments from other chromosomes are involved. Previous studies have shown that one of

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting destructive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the knee joint, and to compare this method with clinical examination and conventional radiography (CR). Methods: Clinical evaluations of the knee joint, followed by MRI and CR examinations were performed in 30 patients with early RA. The MRI examination included evaluati

Purpose: This trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group compares the use of high-dose therapy (HDT) as part of primary treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus etoposide followed by involved-field (IF) radiotherapy in a randomized, multicenter, phase III study. Patients and Methods: Three hundred twelve patients with "aggressive"

Prophylaxis is defined as the regular administration of clotting factor concentrates to prevent bleeding. Extensive data from observational studies and a recent randomized controlled trial (have established that early prophylactic treatment prevents bleeds and arthropathy in boys with severe haemophilia. The initiation of prophylaxis in young children remains challenging. To prevent arthropathy, p

This paper presents an experiment with a linguistic support tool for consolidation of requirements sets. The experiment is designed based on the requirements management process at a large market-driven software development company that develops generic solutions to satisfy many different customers. New requirements and requests for information are continuously issued, which must be analyzed and re

Phonological vowel reduction in Bulgarian is discussed, distinguishing between formal & informal speech & dialectal & standard forms. The Bulgarian vowel system is presented, with an evaluation of the articulatory models of Bulgarian vowel production, & a description of the orthographic representation of the "indeterminate vowel." Alternations between stressed & nonstressed vow

This paper presents a novel strategy for aligning patterns created with nano-imprint lithography (NIL) and UV lithography, similar to a mix-and-match process, which allows for the fabrication of large and small features in a single layer of resist. The resin used to demonstrate this new imprinting scheme is SU-8, a very widely used negative photoresist. Rapid stamp manufacturing using ma-N 2405 ph

This paper reports a multi-block unstructured method for incompressible flows and the performance comparison with a multi-block structured method. The unstructured collocated grid is composed of arbitrary cell shapes. Pressure and velocity are stored at cell centres; Rhie and Chow interpolation is used to prevent checker boarding. The SIMPLE algorithm is used for pressure-velocity coupling. The co

We developed a simple one-step dual-label immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of the free, noncomplexed form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PSA. The assay is based on time-resolved fluorescence and includes a stable fluorescent chelate of Eu to label a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that detects only free PSA, whereas a second mAb labeled with a fluorescent chelate of Tb provides equ

Economic optimization of the production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) requires knowledge about the influence of substrate and enzyme concentration on yield and productivity. Although SSF has been investigated extensively, the optimal conditions for SSF of softwoods have yet not been determined. In this study, SO2-impregnated and steam-pretreated spruce was used

Previous studies have shown increased cardiovascular mortality as late side effects in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. This study identifies stratifying risk factors for surveillance and defines concepts for a clinical feasible and noninvasive prospective protocol for intervention of cardiovascular side effects. HL patients diagnosed between 1965 and 1995 (n = 6.946) and their first-degree relativ

In an accompanying paper (Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002;155:1066-73), the authors describe the design of a large multicenter study being carried out in three West African countries for investigation of the roles of environmental and host-related factors in the development of tuberculosis. In this paper, the authors review some evidence that host genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to tuberculos

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of whole-blood samples in the determination of circulating forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). METHODS: Blood samples of hospitalized prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients were collected and processed to generate whole-blood and serum samples. Three different rapid two-site immunoassays were developed to measur

Immunization of mice with type II collagen (CII) leads to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model for rheumatoid arthritis. T cell recognition of CII is believed to be a critical step in CIA development. We have analyzed the T cell determinants on CII and the TCR used for their recognition, using twenty-nine T cell hybridomas derived from C3H.Q and DBA/1 mice immunized with rat CII. All hybridom