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Background: Swimming ability among children in the city of Malmö, Sweden is strongly affected by socioeconomic differences. We investigated to what extent mediating health and lifestyle factors, such as children’s eating, sleeping and physical activity habits, as well as the characteristics of the social and working environment at both school and home, could explain the socioeconomic gradient in s

Pertrochanteric fractures (TF) due to osteoporosis constitute nearly half of all proximal femur fractures. TFs are treated with a surgical approach and fracture fixation is achieved using metallic fixation devices. Poor quality cancellous bone in osteoporotic patients makes anchorage of a fixation device challenging, which can lead to failure of the fracture fixation. Methods to reinforce the bone

The present study assessed the temporal associations of ~ 300 lifestyle exposures with nine cardiometabolic traits to identify exposures/exposure groups that might inform lifestyle interventions for the reduction of cardiometabolic disease risk. The analyses were undertaken in a longitudinal sample comprising > 31,000 adults living in northern Sweden. Linear mixed models were used to assess the av

Frontotemporal dementia type 3 (FTD3), caused by a point mutation in the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B), affects mitochondrial ultrastructure and the endolysosomal pathway in neurons. To dissect the astrocyte-specific impact of mutant CHMP2B expression, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and confirmed our findings in CHMP2B mutant mice. Our

BACKGROUND: In childhood (CCS) and testicular cancer (TCS) survivors, low-grade inflammation may represent a link between testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) and risk of metabolic syndrome. We aimed to study levels of inflammatory markers in CCS and TCS and the association with hypogonadism and future cardio-metabolic risk factors.METHODS: Serum levels of inflammatory markers and testosterone w

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are tissue-specific cis-regulators of protein translation. Isolated reports have shown that variants that create or disrupt uORFs can cause disease. Here, in a systematic genome-wide study using 15,708 whole genome sequences, we show that variants that create new upstream start codons, and variants disrupting stop sites of existing uORFs, are under strong negat

Multi-nucleotide variants (MNVs), defined as two or more nearby variants existing on the same haplotype in an individual, are a clinically and biologically important class of genetic variation. However, existing tools typically do not accurately classify MNVs, and understanding of their mutational origins remains limited. Here, we systematically survey MNVs in 125,748 whole exomes and 15,708 whole

Background: The etiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and its predictors are incompletely understood. Previous studies have indicated reduced risk of future development of GCA in individuals with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. There is limited information on blood lipids before the onset of GCA. The objective of the study was to investigate the relation between apolipoprotein levels and future

Today’s digitalized society relies on the advancement of silicon (Si) Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, but the limitations of down-scaling and the rapidly increasing demand for added functionality that is not easily achieved in Si, have pushed efforts to monolithically 3D-integrate III-V devices above the Si-CMOS technology. In addition, the demand for increased computati

The present work is aimed at studying how spatially periodic modulations of the refractive index of the medium, i.e., laser-induced gratings (LIGs), generated in a gas mixture containing methane (CH4) by nanosecond pulses of resonant mid-infrared laser radiation, can be used to measure various gas parameters. It is investigated to what extent the temporal profiles of the LIG signals, recorded as t

The introduction of atomic layer deposition (ALD), to the microelectronics industry has introduced a large number of new possible materials able to be deposited in layers with atomic thickness control. One such material is the high-κ oxide HfO2; thermally stable and ultrathin HfO2 films deposited by ALD are a significant contender to replace SiO2 as the gate oxide in capacitor applications. We pre

BACKGROUND: The extent to which a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is associated with incident cardiovascular disease also among women with diabetes is unknown.METHODS: In this nationwide register-based cohort study, parous women aged 18 to 69 years with a first delivery in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, regardless of diabetic status at that time, and a subsequent clinical visit

We investigate the spatial characteristics of high-order harmonic radiation generated in argon and observe cross-like patterns in the far field. An analytical model describing harmonics from an astigmatic driving beam reveals that these patterns result from the order and generation position-dependent divergence of harmonics. Even small amounts of driving field astigmatism may result in cross-like

Formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils is a central pathogenic feature of Alzheimer's disease. Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as disease modulators, although their exact roles and relations to Aβ pathology remain unclear. We combined kinetics assays and biophysical analyses to explore how small (<220 nm) EVs from neuronal and non-neuronal human cell lines affected the

Gate-tunable Josephson junctions are interesting for quantum technology applications, such as gatemon qubits and topological Majorana-based qubits. Furthermore, high-frequency compatible geometries can be utilized for implementing electrically pumped parametric amplifiers. In this paper, we combine processing, measurements, and modeling of near-surface InGaAs Josephson field-effect transistors in

Obesity is considered by many as a lifestyle choice rather than a chronic progressive disease. The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) SOPHIA (Stratification of Obesity Phenotypes to Optimize Future Obesity Therapy) project is part of a momentum shift aiming to provide better tools for the stratification of people with obesity according to disease risk and treatment response. One of the challeng

Model Hamiltonians are regularly derived from first principles to describe correlated matter. However, the standard methods for this contain a number of largely unexplored approximations. For a strongly correlated impurity model system, here we carefully compare a standard downfolding technique with the best possible ground-truth estimates for charge-neutral excited-state energies and wave functio

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest growing non-infectious disease worldwide. Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells is a hallmark of T2D, but the mechanisms behind this defect are insufficiently characterized. Integrating multiple layers of biomedical information, such as different Omics, may allow more accurate understanding of complex diseases such as T2D. Our aim was to explore