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BACKGROUND: With increased access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa emergence of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance constitutes a serious risk. This may lead to rapid virological failure in subjects initiating ART, and mother-to-child transmission despite prophylaxis.METHODS: Treatment-naïve pregnant women from four antenatal care clinics in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, were enroll

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of a high versus low added sugar consumption for primary prevention of CVD in the general population.

INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process used to determine the medical, psychological and functional capabilities of frail older people. The primary aim of our current study is to confirm whether CGA-based outpatient care is superior than usual care in terms of health-related outcomes, resource use and costs.METHODS AND ANAL

Upon ischaemic stroke, brain-resident and peripheral immune cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, these cells express pattern specific to neurotransmitter receptors and, therefore, seem to be susceptible to neurotransmitter stimulation, potentially modulating their properties and functions. One of the principal neurotransmitters in the CNS, dopamine, is involved in t

Background: Existing evidence for the prospective association of vitamin D status with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is focused almost exclusively on circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] without distinction between its subtypes: Nonepimeric and epimeric 25(OH)D 3 stereoisomers, and 25(OH)D 2 , the minor component of 25(OH)D. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of circulating

3-Methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) is a secondary organic aerosol and can be used as a unique emission marker of biogenic emissions of monoterpenes. Seasonal variations and differences in vegetation cover around the world may lead to low atmospheric MBTCA concentrations, in many cases too low to be measured. Hence, an important tool to quantify the contribution of terrestrial vegetat

We have prepared electrodes for photo-electro-chemical cells which have enabled to pre-charge colloidal quantum dots in well-controlled fashion. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements were carried out revealing clear speed-up of the photo-induced charge carrier dynamics, particularly the recombination. Such studies allow to understand the behavior of light harvesting materials in operationa

OBJECTIVE: To examine how intersections of multiple sociodemographic variables explain the individual heterogeneity in risk of being diagnosed with any of following chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs): osteoarthritis (OA), gout, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or spondyloarthritis (SpA).METHODS: We identified people aged 40-65 years residing in Skåne, Sweden, by 31st December 2013 and having done so from

Background: Staging of rectal cancer with MRI has major impact on treatment choice and may be of importance in new cancer management strategies such as “wait-and-see” policy. Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of a software package recently developed at our department to measure volumes, apparent diffusion coefficient, and the skewness of apparent diffusion coefficient in lymph nodes and tumor

Introduction: Beverage consumption is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is insufficient evidence to inform the suitability of substituting 1 type of beverage for another. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of T2D when consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) was replaced with consumption of fruit juice, milk, coffee, or tea. Methods: In the

In the formulation of an active enzyme enclosed in a matrix for controlled delivery, it is a challenge to achieve a high protein load and to ensure high activity of the protein. For the first time to our knowledge, we report the use of a highly swollen lipid sponge (L3) phase for encapsulation of the large active enzyme, β-galactosidase (β-gal, 238 kDa). This enzyme has large relevance for applica

This study explores how professionals experience persons who frequently use psychiatric emergency services (PES) in terms of their needs in Sweden. The data comprise 19 semi-structured individual interviews and one focus group interview with healthcare professionals (i.e., assistant nurses, psychiatric nurses, intern physicians, and resident physicians), which are analyzed using qualitative conten

Encounters and interactions between healthcare professionals and patients are central in healthcare services and delivery. Encountering persons who frequently use psychiatric emergency services (PES), a complex patient group in a complex context, may be particularly challenging for healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to explore healthcare professionals’ experiencesof such encounters

Purpose: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) varies by age, sex, and anatomical subsite. Few studies have examined the temporal trends of age-specific sex disparity in incidence and survival by age at diagnosis and anatomical site. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on all incident cases of CRC, using data derived from the nationwide Swedish Cancer Register between 1960 and 2014, i

Background: Patients with squamous cell skin cancer (SCC) have an excellent prognosis but second primary cancers (SPCs) weaken survival prospects. Family history is a known risk factor for cancer but whether it is a risk factor for SPC in patients with SCC is not known. Objectives: To quantify the risk of family history on SPCs in patients with SCC and estimate survival probabilities of patients w

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss new findings on the heterogeneity of obesity and associated risks.RECENT FINDINGS: Obesity is a public health problem of immense importance on a global scale. However, epidemiological findings and clinical studies have revealed that obesity is a heterogeneous phenotype and that not all obese subjects run the same risk for complications. Current research has tried to d

Purpose: Elevated cardiac troponin levels have been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis under some intensive care conditions. This study investigated whether inclusion of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) increased the prognostic accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) for general intensive care unit (ICU) patients, cardiac arrest patients, or patients with a non-card