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The participation of grassroots communities became a must of development projects. International organizations advocate for the inclusion of community members to ensure projects’ success and sustainability. However, community engagement is often undermined by existing power dynamics between implementing agencies and communities. Power imbalances result from the lack of interdependency between acto
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ESG ratings on firm’s credit ratings for real estate investment trusts in the USA. Through a quantitative research methodology, a panel data regression analysis is used in order to examine the effect of ESG rating on firms’ credit ratings. The sample used in our study consists of a set of unbalanced panel data consisting of 3,470 firm-month
Sweden has set a goal to produce 100% renewable electricity in 2040. In order to accomplish this, a transition towards renewable energy (RE) is necessary. However, the development of RE needs to coexist with other interests of the nation, as RE typically occupies large areas of land or off shore water. This has resulted in conflicts, for instance, between offshore wind power development and nation
As the 20th century turned into the 21st, and cooperation characterized Europe and the western relationship with Russia, the aim and ambition for Swedish defense policy and the development of the Armed Forces was, that in case of a deteriorated security situation in Europe, Swedish politicians would have strategic warning ten years beforehand in order to adjust the military capabilities. The aim o
Den privatanställda arbetstagarens rätt att kritisera sin arbetsgivare etablerades inom arbetsrätten i början av 1980-talet genom Arbetsdomstolens rättspraxis. Sedan dess har det skett stora förändringar i samhället. Internet och sociala medier gjort det möjligt för anställda att fritt uttrycka och förmedla sina tankar och åsikter inför en stor publik. Därutöver har mänskliga rättigheter fått alltThe right to criticize one’s employer within the private sector was established by the Labour Court in the early 1980s. Since then, significant changes have taken place in society. Internet and social media have made it possible for employees to express and impart their opinions and thoughts to a large audience. Furthermore, human rights have gained an increasing impact on the employer-employee re
Den svenska arbetsmarknaden genomgår strukturella förändringar i takt med den tekniska och demografiska utvecklingen. Nya kvalifikationskrav uppkommer ständigt och behovet av kompetensutveckling ökar. Tillgången till högkvalificerad arbetskraft framstår som alltmer avgörande för arbetsgivarens konkurrensförmåga. Att besitta rätt kompetens är samtidigt av betydande vikt för den enskilde arbetstagarThe Swedish labour market is undergoing structural changes as a result of technological and demographic developments. New skill requirements are constantly emerging and the demand for skills development is increasing. The supply of highly skilled labour is becoming increasingly crucial for the competitiveness of the employer. Possessing the right skills is at the same time of significant importanc
Livstids fängelse kunde innan 2006 endast tidsbestämmas genom det s.k. nådeinstitutet. Genom införandet av lag (2006:45) om omvandling av fängelse på livstid utökades möjligheten för livstidsfångar att få sitt straff tidsbestämt. Syftet med införande av lagen var att förbättra förutsebarheten, inte bara för de intagna utan även för de dömdas anhöriga och KRV vid dess arbete med de intagna. I motiBefore 2006, the only way life sentences could be converted was through governmental clemency. The adoption of the 2006 Conversion of Life Imprisonment Act (2006:45) (OmvL), however, increased the possibilities for prisoners serving life in prison to have their sentences commuted to a set number of years. The purpose of the adoption was to improve legal predictability for inmates, their relatives,
Medverkan till brott enligt brottsbalken (1962:700), BrB, 23:4 är en vidsträckt brottsform inte enbart utifrån kriminaliseringens utsträckning över olika delikt, men även eftersom tröskeln för det otillåtna är tämligen låg. Att även de som avses skyddas av olika straffbud ibland medverkar till gärningsmannens gärning är därför inte särskilt konstigt. Samtidigt kan ofta antas att lagstiftaren inte Complicity in crime according to Chapter 23 Section 4 of The Penal Code (1962:700), BrB, is an extensive type of crime, not only due to complicity being criminalized for a substantive number of crimes, but also because the threshold for the unallowed is rather low. That those who are supposed to be protected by different penalty provisions sometimes formally participate in the perpetrator’s act, i
The food system accounts for a significant portion of environmental degradation, while it is at the same time to a large extent producing food that is deteriorating to human health. The private sector plays an essential role in contributing to the sustainability of the system. Based on a systematic literature review, we conceptualise the notion of sustainable nutrition (SN), which highlights the i
Syftet med denna experimentella studie var att rikta ett psykologiskt fokus på påverkansmetoden nudging genom att utforska dess förutsättningar, begränsningar och bakomliggande mekanismer. Studien undersökte effektivitet i förhållande till olika typer av nudging baserat på dubbelprocessteorin och olika nivåer av transparens samt dess förhållande till upplevelsen av frihet att välja. Experimentet aThe aim of this experimental study was to put a psychological focus on nudging as a method of influence by exploring its conditions, limitations and underlying mechanisms. The study examined effectiveness in relation to different types of nudging based on the dual process theory and different levels of transparency as well as how transparent nudging affects the experience of freedom of choice. The
This thesis work deals with the determination of mass- and heat transfer coefficients for pharmaceutical vial freeze-drying and the one-dimensional steady state computer modelling of primary drying. The overall heat transfer coefficient K_V for the vial/freeze-dryer system was successfully determined using a gravimetric method. The overall resistance to mass transfer R_p was successfully determine
Within the next thirty years, two thirds of the human population will live in a city. This growing urban population requires a major shift in the way we produce and distribute food, since industrial agriculture practices contribute to climate change, biodiversity losses, pollution of waterways, soil degradation, etc. Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (UPAF) represent one of the strateg
Följande uppsatsarbete undersöker om den digitala reklamen för alkoholfri öl, i detta fall “Norrlands Guld motrörelsen”, påverkar ungdomar i åldrarna 18-22. För att kunna svara på detta gjordes kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem ungdomar i den angivna åldern. Detta för ta reda på vilka känslor informanterna fick utifrån den specifika reklamfilmen och om den alkoholfria reklamen var u
Aim: Phantoms are used daily in the clinic for radiotherapy. As more realistic phantoms are requested, 3D printing could be used but the design of a realistic phantom is difficult. The purpose of this project was to design and 3D print an anthropomorphic phantom that could be used for verification of complex treatment such as stereotactic arrhythmic radioablation treatments without the use of pati
År 2018 antog EU ett ändringsdirektiv vad gäller obligatoriskt automatiskt utbyte av upplysningar i fråga om beskattning, benämnt ”DAC 6”, med vilket ett regelverk om rapporteringspliktiga gränsöverskridande arrangemang införs. Genom detta ändringsdirektiv ålades medlemsstaterna att införa regler med vilka skatterådgivare, och i vissa fall skattebetalare, förpliktas att till behörig myndighet rappIn 2018 the EU adopted a Council Directive amending Directive 2011/16/EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation, abbreviated as “DAC 6“, introducing a requirement to report to tax authorities specific cross-border arrangements. According to the amending Directive, the Member states were obliged to introduce regulation by which intermediaries, and in certain
Det finns ett brett forskningsunderlag som talar för lukt som en effektiv minnesledtråd för att bättre återkalla tidigare inkodad information och minnen. Lukt kan även fungera som en minnesledtråd för att återskapa samma kontextuella förutsättningar som vid inkodningstillfället. Mycket forskning tyder även på att människor kommer ihåg händelserelaterad information lättare än detaljinformation. StuThere is a broad research base that speaks for odor as an effective memory cue to better recall of previously encoded information and memories. Furthermore, odor can act as a memory cue to recreate the same contextual conditions as at the time of encoding. Research also suggests that people remember action-related information more easily than detailed information. The study examined whether physic
Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser (FEL) light is becoming an increasingly sought after tool for almost all scientific research aspects. MAX IV Laboratory introduced the first 4th generation light source that provides the brightest synchrotron light in the world. Since all of the experiments at MAX IV rely only on Insertion Device (ID) radiation, the need for improving ID technology has subsequen
The combination of item non response and cluster analysis is a field which has not been explored to its full extent. This study aims to investigate which consequences a data set with missing values has on the algorithm of cluster analysis and which model for imputation should be suggested in order to minimize standard error and the optimal number of clusters. Basing our research on principal compo
Livsmedelsindustrin i Sverige står för ungefär 20–25 % av den totala klimatpåverkan och 50 % av den totala övergödningen i landet. Ett sätt att minska påverkan är att minska mängden matsvinn som uppkommer längs med livsmedelskedjan. Matsvinnet kan variera mellan 10–50% beroende på förloppet i kedjan och typ av livsmedel. Genom globala och nationella mål har problemet med matsvinn fått allt större
Interpreting EEG measurements is of great relevance, both for developing underlying neuroscientific theory and improving existing applications. In this study, two networks with different approaches to time-frequency analysis and feature selection are compared on simulated and real data for semantic and emotional perception. The first network uses the Morlet wavelet transform to achieve adaptable f
