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This paper presents three mathematical formulations for designing robust two-layer networks carrying elastic traffic. The formulations differ by the way flow reconfiguration is performed in the case of link failures. An iterative algorithm to solve the problems is given and an extensive numerical study is provided comparing the effectiveness of the three reconfiguration approaches. The formulation

Increasing soft error rates for semiconductor devices manu- factured in later technologies enforces the use of fault tolerant techniques such as Roll-back Recovery with Checkpointing (RRC). However, RRC introduces time overhead that increases the completion (execution) time. For non-real-time systems, research have focused on optimizing RRC and shown that it is possible to find the optimal number

The propositions in this chapter are to a large extent drawn from the thesis Metaphors and norms – understanding copyright law in a digital society (Larsson 2011b), however with some important complements, not least concerning the implications of categorisation. The chapter is explorative in bringing findings from cognitive linguistics into the quite common socio-legal task of studying norms. Its

Different methods to separate quark jets from gluon jets have been investigated and tested on data from the DELPHI experiment. A test sample of gluon jets was selected from $bar{b}g$ threejet events where the two b-jets had been identified using a lifetime tag and a quark jet sample was obtained from $qar{q}gamma$ events where the photon was required to have a high energy and to be well separated

Popular Abstract in Swedish Läkning av achilles-senrupturer är idag en långdragen process, som ofta tar flera månader innan senan är fullt funktionsduglig. Syftet med studierna är att förbättra senläkningen i samband med achillesrupturer. Bone Morphogentic Proteins (BMP) är främst kända för att stimulera benläkning och bentillväxt. De lokala förhållandena har dock visat sig ha stor betydelse för cWe wanted to improve tendon healing by adding a growth factor. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are well known to stimulate bone healing and bone formation. The local environment is of major importance for cell differentiation after a BMP has been added. Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Proteins (CDMPs) -1, -2 and -3 (BMP 14, 13 and 12 or GDF 5, 6 and 7) form a subgroup in the BMP-family and are

In this thesis, the fluid dynamic properties of the conventional Rushton turbine and another impeller type, the Scaba Radial flow Gas dispersing Turbine (with six concave blades) are compared. For comparison, point-wise velocity measurements were made in the discharge of the two turbine types using Hot-Wire Anemometry in constant temperature mode (CTA) with a split film probe. For the time-average

Engineers working on safety critical software development must explicitly specify trace links as part of Impact Analyses (IA), both to code and non-code development artifacts. In large-scale projects, constituting information spaces of thousands of artifacts, conducting IA is tedious work relying on extensive system understanding. We propose to support this activity by enabling engineers to reuse

Popular Abstract in Swedish Forskningsprojektet som rapporteras i denna avhandling har två övergripande mål. Det första målet är att utveckla testinstrument avsett för avancerade svenska inlärare av engelska, som genererar reliabla och valida testpoäng kopplat till receptiv kunskap avseende engelska kollokationer som en specifik förmåga. Med kollokationer avses konventionaliserade och frekvent förThe research reported in this thesis has two main aims. The first aim is to develop tests capable of yielding reliable and valid scores of receptive knowledge of English collocations as a single construct, for use with advanced L2 learners of English. Collocations are seen as conventionalized, recurring combinations of words, and the targeted types are adjective + NP and verb + NP. The second aim

Correct estimation of symbol timing, Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is crucial in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication. Typically, high estimation accuracy is desired, but often comes with increased complexity. Which has a direct repercussion in energy consumption. In this article, an architecture based on Sign-Bit estimation with low com

Popular Abstract in Swedish Från mitten av 1970-talet utvecklades i Sverige en ny form av behandling för missbrukare av narkotika och alkohol: Miljöterapi med psykoterapi. Miljöterapin innebar en längre tids drogfri vistelse på behandlingshem där ett konstruktivt, bejakande och människovärdigt klimat avsågs vara behandlande dygnet runt. Psykoterapin var i regel schemalagd transaktionsanalytisk (TAThis monograph studies the outcomes of transactional analysis (TA) psychotherapy with addicts of heavy drugs in long time residential treatment (one year or more) at Swedish therapeutic communities (TCs) during the 1990s. Two sets of data were obtained: The primary material concerned results of approximately one year of TA-therapy; the secondary specific TA-therapy results versus total mileau ther

A novel method for the evaluation of interfacial tension of high viscosity polymer melts is described. The method involves the tracking of the shape evolution of a highly deformed droplet of one material imbedded in a second one. This makes it possible to determine the interfacial tension over a relatively short time period. The imbedded material is initially either a fiber or a disk. The techniqu