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NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for fi
Vapor phase infiltration into a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) to create a hybrid material in one of the constituent blocks can enhance the etch selectivity for pattern transfer. Mul- tiple pulse infiltration into carbohydrate-based high-χ BCP has previously been shown to enable sub-10 nm feature pattern transfer. By optimizing the amount of infiltrated material, the etch selectiv- ity shoul
The MEDIM study reports that Immigrants from the Middle East to Sweden – independently of other diabetes related risk factors – have a twice as high type 2 diabetes risk as compared to non-immigrated Swedes. Diabetes onset occurs 6 years earlier in this group and is partly explained by family history and/or obesity. But the MEDIM study has identified that Middle Eastern background per se is an ind
Hardware implementing spiking neural networks (SNNs) has the potential to provide transformative gains in energy efficiency and throughput for energy-restricted machine-learning tasks. This is enabled by large arrays of memristive synapse devices that can be realized by various emerging memory technologies. But in practice, the performance of such hardware is limited by non-ideal features of the m
The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and calcium sulfate bone substitute (NC) for cranioplasty. The NC was functionalized with low concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies included MTT, ALP assays, and fluorescent staining of Saos-2 (human osteoblast
The emancipatory appropriation of space, in the sense making personal adjustments and manoeuvres in order to raise a sense of space, can be understood in terms of giving and taking form, or what Catherine Malabou calls “plasticity”. Spatial production is in this sense defined relationally and cannot be fully provided by programmed architectural functions. That kind of relational and emancipatory vThe emancipatory appropriation of space, in the sense making personal adjustments and manoeuvres in order to raise a sense of space, can be understood in terms of giving and taking form, or what Catherine Malabou calls “plasticity”. Spatial production is in this sense defined relationally and cannot be fully provided by programmed architectural functions. That kind of relational and emancipatory v
Background: Low-dose opioids can relieve breathlessness but may be underused in late-stage COPD due to fear of complications, contributing to poor symptom control. Objectives: We aimed to study the period prevalence and indications of opioids actually prescribed in people with end-stage COPD. Methods: The study was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients starting long-term oxygen therap
Atherosclerosis is an arterial inflammatory disease and the primary cause of cardiovascular disease. T helper (Th) cells are an important part in atherosclerotic plaque as they can be either disease promoting or protective. A body of evidence points to a pro-atherosclerotic role of Th1 cells, whereas the role of Th2, Th17 and iNKT cells seems more complex and dependent on surrounding factors, incl
Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one si
Animal migration is one of the most spectacular and visible behavioural phenomena in nature with profound implications for a range of ecological and evolutionary processes. Successful migration hinges on the ability to exploit temporary resources (e.g. food) and evade threats (e.g. predators) as they arise, and thus the timing of migration is often regarded as a dominant predictor of individual mi
In the present study, we apply deterministic chaos theory to investigate nonlinear dynamics in monthly precipitation at Mokpo, Korea, after wavelet decomposition. The wavelet transform is used not only for removal of noise but also for extraction of low and high frequency components in the data, representing low-dimensional dynamics. In order to determine an appropriate decomposition level for the
Low-frequency noise (LFN), or 1/ f -noise, can be used effectively to evaluate device reliability which is a major concern in analog as well as digital circuits. In this work, we present 1/ f -noise characterization of vertical InAs/InGaAs gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs with a 70-nm gate length ( LG ) measured at cryogenic temperatures down to 15 K. The measurements at cryogenic temperatures reveal
Mixed models for repeated measures (MMRMs) are ubiquitous when analyzing outcomes of clinical trials. However, the linearity of the fixed-effect structure in these models largely restrict their use to estimating treatment effects that are defined as linear combinations of effects on the outcome scale. In some situations, alternative quantifications of treatment effects may be more appropriate. In
The technological evolution and widespread availability of wearables and handheld ECG devices capable of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF), and their promotion directly to consumers, has focused attention of health care professionals and patient organizations on consumer-led AF screening. In this Frontiers review, members of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration provide a critical apprais
Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included a
The latticework duct plays an important role in turbine blade cooling for aircraft engines. The present numerical research provided information about the thermal performance in latticework ducts with different endwall shapes. Each latticework duct analyzed in this study had a crossing angle of 90° and 11 sub channels on both the two sides of the endwall. A numerical investigation was conducted at
Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe manifestation of SLE. The genetic risk for nephritis and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with LN remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify novel genetic associations with LN, focusing on subphenotypes and ESRD. Methods We analysed genomic data on 958 patients with SLE (discovery cohort: LN=338) with targeted sequen
The ferroelectric (FE)-antiferroelectric (AFE) transition in Hf1-xZrxO2 (HZO) is for the first time shown in a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor (MFS) stack based on the III-V material InAs. As InAs displays excellent electron mobility and a narrow band gap, the integration of ferroelectric thin films for nonvolatile operations is highly relevant for future electronic devices and motivates further
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer. However, it is unclear whether it is a cause of cancer. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, uses genetic instruments to proxy the exposure of mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer summary statistics as outcomes, allowing for causal inferences.METHODS: Summary statistics from 18 common cancers (2107-491,974 participant
