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Objective: in Sweden, acupuncture education is required before midwives can use the method in clinical practice. Courses in acupuncture are usually organised by private individuals or companies, and each health facility decides on the adequacy of the educational package. Therefore, there is no overall standard or quality control for free-standing courses of acupuncture education for midwives. The
Use of intermittent androgen-deprivation therapy (IADT) in patients with prostate cancer has been evaluated in several studies, in an attempt to delay the development of castration resistance and reduce side-effects associated with ADT. However it is still not clear whether survival is adversely affected in patients treated with IADT. In this review, we explore the available data in an attempt to
Storage of cholesteryl esters in the cytoplasm of macrophages is one of the earliest and most ubiquitous event observed in the development of arteriosclerosis. Macrophages have an enormous capacity to uptake and store cholesterol in the form of cytosolic cholesteryl ester droplets. These stores are mobilized by the action of a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (NCEH), producing free cholesterol
The hypothesis that spatial-memory specialization affects the size of the hippocampus has become widely accepted among scientists. The hypothesis comes from studies on birds primarily in two families, the Paridae (tits, titmice and chickadees) and the Corvidae (crows, nutcrackers, jays, etc.). Many species in these families store food and rely on spatial memory to relocate the cached items. The hi
Laminins (comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma chains) are heterotrimeric glycoproteins integral to all basement membranes. The function of the lammin alpha5 chain in the developing intestine was defined by analysing laminin alpha5(-/-) mutants and by grafting experiments. We show that lammin alpha5 plays a major role in smooth muscle organisation and differentiation, as excessive folding of intest
Background Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. The lac operon of E. coli is but one example of how enzyme and transporter production can be made conditional on the presence of a nutrient to catabolize. Methodology With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regula
Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of cytoskeletal proteins and immediate early genes in different cell types. Here, we found that SRF expression is restricted to endothelial cells (ECs) of small vessels such as capillaries in the mouse embryo. EC-specific Srf deletion led to aneurysms and hemorrhages from 11.5 days of mouse development (E11.5) and l
RhoH is a small GTPase expressed only in the hematopoietic system. With the use of mice with targeted disruption of the RhoH gene, we demonstrated that RhoH is crucial for thymocyte maturation during DN3 to DN4 transition and during positive selection. Furthermore, the differentiation and expansion of DN3 and DN4 thymocytes in vitro were severely impaired. These defects corresponded to defective T
The central role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the remodelling process of the human skeleton has been identified in numerous experimental and clinical studies. BMPs appear to be key agents in the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and more recent evidence implicates them with the cells of the osteoclastic lineage. BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6 and BMP-7 have been studied in t
Through research and interviews with several experts and stakeholders during the study visit in Zabrze, Poland, the main sources of air pollution in Zabrze and potential areas of intervention were identified. The project focused on residential heating in Zabrze, as coal based heating systems were identified as the main contributor to air pollution in the city. An alternative heating system scenari
Inherited retinal degenerations, collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa (RP), constitute one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. RP is at present untreatable and the underlying neurodegenerative mechanisms are unknown, even though the genetic causes are often established. Acetylation and deacetylation of histones, carried out by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histon
This paper uses a choice experiment to study citizens' preferences for effort-sharing rules for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. For a given global cost and level of emission reduction, we study the willingness to pay for various rules that imply different distributions of the cost between EU, the US. China and Africa. The focus of this paper is on the use of two different treatments, one where
Green Information System (IS) has become an important topic in IT management research and practice in the last few years due to economic opportunities and increasing pressure from stakeholders. However, many private organizations fail to manage their environmental efforts in an adequate manner since they neglect the strategic aspects of this topic. This paper discloses the strategic relevance of G
The gene GAD2 encoding the glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme (GAD65) is a positional candidate gene for obesity on Chromosome 10p11-12, a susceptibility locus for morbid obesity in four independent ethnic populations. GAD65 catalyzes the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which interacts with neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus to contribute to stimulate food intake. A case-co
To study the individual variation in chylomicron clearance rate, young healthy volunteers were given a p.o. dose of 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate in the morning to label their chylomicrons. Serial blood samples were then obtained in the time interval 4-8 h after retinyl palmitate intake, to closely monitor the clearance of retinyl ester from the blood. The procedure was repeated in an identical way
