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Biodegradation is becoming an attractive mode of operation for eliminating toxic chemicals released from industrial processes or already present in the environment. One needs, however, not only to identify organisms capable of degrading such chemicals, but also to address the issue of whether these chemicals, after being degraded, will be toxic to the degrading organisms if present in high concent
Due to the unavailability of culture-appropriate measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in China, knowledge about the HRQOL of women with cervical cancer, particularly in Mainland China, is poor. Such knowledge is greatly needed to inform nursing practice. Thus the main aim of this thesis was to investigate longitudinally the HRQOL trajectory in Chinese women from when cervical can
Som ett led i att homogenisera den kinesiska befolkningen, har den kinesiska regeringen under längre tid bedrivit en kampanj för att avskaffa Xinjiang-provinsens inhemska folkgrupp Uigurer. Massiva konverteringsläger har inrättats där Uigurerna tvingas avsäga sig sin kultur, etnicitet och religion. Situationen beskrivs av journalister och politiker som ett kulturellt folkmord, men trots begreppetsSince 2017, the Chinese government has conducted an internment campaign against the Uighur Muslim minority in Xinjiang, China, with the goal of total assimilation into the majority population. Cultural genocide has emerged as a powerful rhetorical tool to describe the treatment of the Uighurs. Despite its conceptual relevance, it does not carry any legal authority as the current understanding of g
Various studies on clientelism usually start from a common puzzle: Why is campaign clientelism widely practised by politicians even when they have no means of ensuring reciprocity from the voters? Similarly, why is campaign clientelism widespread amongst voters despite its numerous negative consequences on societies, democracy, and development? These puzzles have motivated my research, where I att
This thesis addresses the Georgian paradox, a contradiction between liberal LGBTQ lawmaking and a public opinion with anti-LGBTQ attitudes. The paradox consists in the clash of globally formed formal rules and the more traditional informal institutions. The text focuses on credible explanations to the paradox. What establishes the paradox and which factors may contribute to the public opinion’s di
A sustainable development was defined by the Brundtlandscommission for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development as "... a development that meets present needs without compromising future generations to meet their own needs". The definition includes a broad consideration of economic, environmental and social aspects. The definition thus creates a good example of the
Prosolviadomen innebar det största skadeståndet någonsin utdömt i Sverige. Det tar upp frågan om revisorns skadeståndsansvar gentemot bolaget, men också frågan om prövningen av orsakssamband. Hovrätten tillämpade i målet en bevislättnad för den skadelidande efter ett prejudikat från Högsta domstolen som kom ut samma år, 2013. Revisorn som kontrollerande organ i aktiebolaget har som uppgift att tThe Prosolvia judgment came with the largest damages ever imposed in Sweden. It addresses the issue of accountant-liability towards the company, but also the issue of the assessment of causality. The Court of Appeal applied in the case, an evidence-relief to the injured after a precedent from the Supreme Court which came out the same year, 2013. The accountant as the controlling body in the compa
Uppsatsen analyserar den pågående konflikten i Centralafrikanska republiken och dess angränsande länder, med särskilt fokus på regionen omfattande nordöstra Centralafrikanska Republiken, östra Chad och västra Sudan (CCS-regionen). Med anledning av dess orsakande av avsevärda civila förluster och dess efterlämnande av åtskilliga förstörda samhällen utgör konflikten en betydande angelägenhet för detThe thesis examines the contemporary conflict in the Central African Republic and its neighbouring countries, in particular the region comprising north-eastern Central African Republic, eastern Chad and western Sudan (the CCS-region). Having caused numerous civilian casualties and left countless societies entirely ruined, the conflict is one of major concern for the international community. The co
I 10 § 2 st. AvtL regleras en vanlig och i praktiken viktig fullmaktsform, nämligen ställningsfullmakten. Paragrafen ska läsas tillsammans med 10 § 1 st., 11 § 1 st., och 15 § AvtL men de rekvisit som är karakteristiska för just ställningsfullmakten är att mellanmannen i följd av ett avtal med huvudmannen, ska inneha en ställning som ger mellanmannen viss behörighet att rättshandla för huvudmannenThe “position of authority” (ställningsfullmakt) is amongst the most common and perhaps one of the most important types of power of attorney. The regulation is found in section 10 paragraph 2 of the Swedish Contracts Act 1915 (SCA) and states: “A person who, being employed in the service of another party or otherwise as a result of an agreement with another party, occupies a position which, accord
Den reklam som användare möter på internet är idag ofta anpassad och utvald för att överensstämma med dennes intressen. För att erbjuda sådan individuellt riktad reklam använder adtechsektorn metoder som bygger på en storskalig kartläggning av användares onlineaktiviteter. Vanligen är det en tredje part till den tjänst som användaren faktiskt nyttjar som ansvarar för och utför den här kartläggningToday, internet users often face advertising that is tailored and selected to match their interests. To offer such targeted advertising the adtech sector use methods that rely on a large scale tracking of users’ internet activities. In most cases this tracking is performed by a third party to the service that the user is accessing. This makes it hard for individuals to know what information is col
The addressees of EU competition rules are designated as undertakings. EU antitrust and merger rules apply only where an entity constitutes an undertaking. The notion of undertaking is not defined in the Treaties, rather it is developed in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the decisional practice of the European Commission. An undertaking is defined as any entity engag
Title: Planning for Supplier Base Reduction - understanding Supplier Base Reduction’s role in purchasing. A case study at Alfa Laval AB Authors: Fabian Karlsson and Sebastian Eriksson-Ritzén Supervisors: Ala Pazirandeh, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University Markus Ekendahl, Alfa Laval AB Background: Today individual businesses do not compete as isolated entities, but r
Begreppet innefattar ett antal faktorer, men kännetecknas främst av en integrering av miljöskydd och utveckling, tillgodoseendet av rättigheter i förhållande till framtida generationer och mellan stater, och ett hållbart nyttjande av naturresurser. Konceptet fick internationellt stöd i början av 1990-talet, men har fortfarande en oklar rättsstatus på internationell nivå. Icke desto mindre har hållThe concept of “sustainable development” has been a part of international discussions regarding environment and development since the end of the 1980s. Although it comprises a number of elements, it is mainly characterized by the notions of integration of environmental protection with the development process, intra-generational equity, inter-generational equity, and sustainable use. The concept ga
Good faith har beskrivits som en av de mest omdebatterade principerna i CISG och är också det ämne som denna uppsats behandlar. Eftersom artikel 7 är det enda stället i CISG där good faith uttryckligen omnämns har uppsatsen tagit sin utgångspunkt i denna artikel. En studie av fyra olika länder har bekräftat att det dilemma som är förknippat med good faith härrör från det faktum att principen tilThe principle of good faith has been described as one of the most debated concepts of the CISG and is also the main subject of this thesis. Since Article 7 is the only article of the CISG expressly mentioning good faith it has served as the base for this study. An examination of four different countries confirms that the dilemma of good faith originates from the fact that it is a concept known a
Close to the city center of Reykjavik lies the combined national- and university library of Iceland. Usually, these two types of institutions are separated. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the library in fact selects the new digital material to offer the users in Iceland, and if the combined mission creates any problems or conflicts. The investigation examines the planning and the
Regleringen av hasardspel i EU:s medlemsstater präglas av moraliska, kulturella och historiska hänsyn. Spelverksamhetens särdrag, och framförallt dess skadliga följder samt intäkterna den genererar har medfört att medlemsstaterna generellt sett reglerar denna marknad på ett restriktivt sätt, och i vissa fall anförtros tillhandahållandet av speltjänster till statliga monopol. Den snabba utvecklingeThe regulation of games of chance bears significant moral, cultural and historical features throughout the EU Member States. The particularities of gambling activities, and notably the risks they entail and the revenues they generate, have determined Member States to strictly regulate this market sector, and indeed, in some cases, to entrust the provision of such services to state-owned monopolies
Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most health systems. When care providers are paid prospectively, e.g., by a fixed sum per patient, existing inequalities may be sustained by the incentives to undertreat relatively unhealthy patients. To counter these incentives, prospective payments are often risk-adjusted based on observable patient characteristics. Despite that risk ad
Births involving shoulder dystocia or tight nuchal cords can deteriorate rapidly. The fetus may have had a reassuring tracing just before birth yet may be born without any heartbeat (asystole). Since the publication of our first article on cardiac asystole with two cases, five similar cases have been published. We suggest that these infants shift blood to the placenta due to the tight squeeze of t
Exome sequencing has recently identified mutations in the gene TANGO2 (transport and Golgi organization 2) as a cause of developmental delay associated with recurrent crises involving rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and metabolic derangements. The disease is not well understood, in part as the cellular function and subcellular localization of the TANGO2 protein remain unknown. Furthermore, th
UNLABELLED: The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the differences in caesarean section rates across European regions and at a country level by utilizing the Robson classification system. The study has compared caesarean rates across European regions using the Robson classification to identify the drivers of caesarean section use. This review shows significant variations
