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xtbcfe is a bootstrap-corrected fixed effects (LSDV) estimator for dynamic panel data models of general order. It estimates the specified model with the fixed effects estimator and corrects its small T bias (see Nickell, 1981) using a simplified but extended version of the approach presented in Everaert and Pozzi (2007). The algorithm evaluates the bias of the fixed effects estimator in a numerica
This paper extends the Common Correlated Effects Pooled (CCEP) estimator to homogeneous dynamic panels. In this setting CCEP suffers from a large bias when the time series dimension (T) is fixed. We develop a bias-corrected estimator that is valid for a multi-factor error structure provided that a sufficient number of cross-sectional averages, and lags thereof, are added to the model. We show that
The effect of refrigerated long-term storage (six months) on dietary fibre in raw carrots was investigated in twelve cultivars representing five different groups. In three of the cultivars the viscosity of water-soluble fibre polysaccharides was analysed as well. Further, the bulking capacity of eight cultivars was evaluated through balance experiments in rats. A decrease of certain dietary fibre
The fermentation of dietary fibre in wheat, rye, barley, sorghum, rice and maize was investigated in balance experiments with rats. Two different extraction rates, 100% and approximately 65%, were investigated for each cereal grain. In the case of maize, whole maize, and dehulled maize that had been ground and sieved so that it contained mainly endosperm, were investigated. Except for sorghum, die
Binding of three mutagens, known to occur in fried or broiled foods, by thirteen different types of dietary fiber was investigated in vitro. Nonspecific binding by other food polymers was minimized by using protease and amylase treatment. Water‐insoluble fiber components were responsible for most of the binding capacity. Generally, a slightly larger proportion of 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo [4,5‐f
The digestibility of starch in white wheat bread was studied. Raw wheat starch and raw wheat flour were used as reference materials. The extent of digestion and absorption in vivo was evaluated through balance experiments in rats given test diets with and without addition of the antibiotic, Nebacitin, to reduce the fermentation in the hind-gut. As judged from a high faecal recovery of dietary fibr
As much as one-third of the dietary fibre intake in a normal Western diet originates from fruits and vegetables. Nutritional effects of dietary fibre can to a great extent be related to the physicochemical properties of the fibre, such as composition, solubility, viscosity, water-holding capacity and molecular weight. In fruits and vegetables the structure of the cell wall matrix (tertiary structuAs much as one-third of the dietary fibre intake in a normal Western diet originates from fruits and vegetables. Nutritional effects of dietary fibre can to a great extent be related to the physicochemical properties of the fibre, such as composition, solubility, viscosity, water-holding capacity and molecular weight. In fruits and vegetables the structure of the cell wall matrix (tertiary structu
