Objective: To evaluate existing models for the origin of meta- and synchronous urothelial carcinomas in light of the accumulated genetic data. Methods: Published studies on the clonal origin and genetic relationships of syn- and metachronous tumors, genetic aberrations in normal and premalignant urothelial lesions, as well as histologic and genetic mapping studies of cystectomized bladder samples

The deposition of polystyrene latex particles (0.23 mum in radius) onto a glass surface, covered with indium-tin oxide, has been studied using a wall-jet cell. The particle deposition could be followed in a single experiment at several positions, exposed to a wide range of wall shear rates. A deposition model including a shielding function was applied in order to describe the process. Three shield

On the representation of immigrants in recent Swedish cinema.

This paper reports on a pilot demonstration to implement an alcohol consumption reduction project in the community of Kirseberg, located in the city of Malmo, Sweden. The objective is to present data on time trends in alcohol use habits and alcohol-use-related problems in the Kirseberg population and to discuss potential effects of the alcohol prevention activities. It was possible to implement an

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors determined the usefulness of performing videoradiography and pharyngeal solid-state manometry during barium swallow in dysphagic patients with pharyngeal retention. METHODS: Results were retrospectively analyzed of simultaneous videoradiography and manometry examinations in 14 patients with retention of barium in the pharynx. Twelve age-matched patients withou

We present the excited state dynamics of the low band gap alternating polyfluorene copolymer, DiO-PFDTBT. The copolymer structure is an alternating sequence of donor and acceptor units consisting of 9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene and 4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazolyl units. Calculations have predicted that the first excited state has charge transfer character, while the second strongly allowe

This paper describes the design, development and characteristics of a tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase) modified amperometric screen-printed biosensor array, with the enzyme cross-linked in a redox-hydrogel namely the PVI13-dmeOs polymer. Two types of Au-screen-printed four-channel electrode arrays, differing in design and insulating layer, were compared and investigated. Au-, graphite-coated-Au- an

A misaligned stretcher or compressor in a chirped pulse amplification laser introduces residual angular dispersion into the beam, resulting in temporal distortion of the pulse. We demonstrate that an imaging spectrograph is capable for Measuring the angular dispersion of a laser beam by an accuracy of 0.2 murad/min. Using this technique, the analytical expressions of residual angular dispersion of

Background and Aims: To assess blood lead concentrations (B-Pb) in children not exposed to petrol lead. In a previous paper we reported the results for the period 1978–94 (2441 children measured). A substantial decrease of B-Pb was found, which reflected a beneficial effect of gradual banning of petrol lead. Since 1994, petrol sold in Sweden has not contained lead. Methods: In the south of Sweden

This text describes the characteristics of a number of different types of metacognitive judgments relevant for schoolchildren’s studies. It is argued that metacognitive judgments play an important role in children’s learning at school. Moreover, it is also argued many of the modern types of educational approaches, such as the so called ”problem based learning” approach do not have a clear strategy

Content analysis based on frequency distributions differs from impressionistic analysis and interpretations of written or spoken text. This type of analysis is objective insofar as it requires an explicit analysis procedure and a formalised analysis. Objectification means that a person transfers certain typical human functions to objects, i.e., tools, and that machines are developed that can carry

Although the understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of rhinitis has increased within recent years, few studies have examined the impact of rhinitis on patients’ behaviour. This study compared two forms of chronic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites (PAR) and perennial non-allergic rhinitis (or so-called vasomotor rhinitis) (VMR) in terms of patients’ percep

Antisocial behavior is often persistent, and in addition to causing suffering to children and their families, it also poses considerable costs for society. Children who display externalizing behavior in their early years run a high risk of having severe problems later in life. There is a need for treatment methods that may be used in various settings because these children constitute a group that

In the course of a screening of fungal extracts for new metabolites with cytotoxic activities cylindrocyclin A (1) was isolated. The producing strain was identified as Cylindrocarpon sp. by microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. 1 is a novel compound that exhibits cytotoxic acticity against six different cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 11 to 53 mu M. 1 has no antibacterial or antifung

A nested case–control study of invasive and in situ cervical cancer was performed within a community-based cohort of 13 595 Taiwanese women assembled in 1991, with a follow-up period of 9 years. Baseline serum or plasma samples were analysed for antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 16 and 18 and Chlamydia trachomatis. In total, 114 cases (42 incident cases identified during follo