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We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR signal was recorded from electrodes made of polycrystalline Al, Au(111), and Pt(100) single crystals. The changes can be followed at a video rate acquisition frequency of 200 Hz and demonstrate a strong contrast between oxidizing and

Magnesium transporter A (MgtA) is an active transporter responsible for importing magnesium ions into the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. This study focuses on the peptide corresponding to the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of MgtA, referred to as KEIF. Primary-structure and bioinformatic analyses were performed, followed by studies of the undisturbed single chain using a combination o

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/-rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (

The attraction of male Neodiprion dailingensis Xiao et Zhou to pheromone substances identified from other Neodiprion species was tested in plantations of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in Liaoning Province in north-eastern China. Both the acetate and propionate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) were highly attractive. An addition of 10% of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer did not significantly

Background: Patients treated for breast cancer with breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy (RT) often complain about swelling, heaviness, and pain in the treated breast. This pilot study was undertaken to examine if compression therapy was effective as an early treatment to reduce breast edema and symptoms assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Methods and Results: Fifty-six breast cancer-tr

How neural form and function are connected is a central question of neuroscience. One prominent functional hypothesis, from the beginnings of neuroanatomical study, states that laterally extending dendrites of insect lamina monopolar cells (LMCs) spatially integrate visual information. We provide the first direct functional evidence for this hypothesis using intracellular recordings from type II L

In the present paper, the heat transfer of gravity-driven dense particle flow around five different shapes of tubes is numerically studied using discrete element method (DEM). The velocity vector, particle contact number, particle contact time and heat transfer coefficient of particle flow at different particle zones around the tube are carefully analyzed. The results show that the effect of tube

Although elevated blood or sputum eosinophils are present in many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), uncertainties remain regarding the anatomical distribution pattern of lung-infiltrating eosinophils. Basophils have remained virtually unexplored in COPD. This study mapped tissue-infiltrating eosinophils, basophils, and eosinophil-promoting immune mechanisms in COPD-affect

The determination of reversible phase transitions in the perovskite-type thermoelectric oxide Eu0.8Ca0.2TiO3–δ is fundamental, since structural changes largely affect the thermal and electrical transport properties. The phase transitions were characterized by heat capacity measurements, Rietveld refinements, and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of the diffraction data to achieve informati

The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy, and targeted therapies are often used in regimens for patients with a high HER2 expression level. Despite the success of current drugs, a number of patients succumb to their disease, which motivates development of novel drugs with other modes of action. We have previously shown that an albumin

Field studies were conducted during three years to determine the vertical (height level) and horizontal (distance from stand edge) distribution of flying Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) males in a non-outbreak population. Sticky traps baited with synthetic female pheromone (25, 35, 75-diprionyl acetate) were used in a mature stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Central Europe (southern Bohe

The morphology and physiology of pheromone receptors on the antennae of male pine sawflies, Diprion pini L., were investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, five sensillar types were recognized. The type shown to be pheromone sensitive has a long (50-70 μm) cuticular hair, is single-walled, and is innervated by 8 or 9 sensory cells as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Electroant

Mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) was strongly indicated by reduced male trap catches in pine plantations permeated with the sex pheromone, (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. The trap catch reduction was 95 to near 100% when dispensers every 10 m were used, giving a total release of about 3 mg per hectare and day. Two mg of pheromone per co

The spatial distribution of catches of male European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae), was studied using different pheromone trap arrays. In hexagonal trap groups, trap interference was evident by reduced catch in the central of seven traps spaced 10 to 40 m apart. When the trap spacings were either 5 or 80 m no significant reduction could be shown. The interac