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Detta arbete studerar svenska domstolars rättstillämpning vid fysiskt våld riktat mot barn. Syftet är att undersöka hur straffmätning i barnmisshandelsmål går till. Nio rättsfall rörande misshandel behandlas i arbetet: sex fall av ringa misshandel och tre av normalgraden. I samtliga fall har någon närstående till barnet varit gärningsperson. Den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är: vilken betydelse hThis essay studies the application of law in cases of physical abuse of children. The aim is to investigate how Swedish courts apply the rules about the meting out of punishment and if the use is compatible with the legislators intent. Nine cases regarding assault and battery are examined in the report: six cases of petty offense and three of the normal degree. In all cases, someone close to the c

Lärare aktiva i det svenska skolsystemet innehar inte bara en uppgift att i sin tjänst förmedla kunskap. De har även en skyldighet att upprätthålla ordning samt säkra studiero och trygghet i skolan. Efter flertalet domslut som fattats under senare år har gällande rätt visat sig vara problematisk att klart definiera, vilket resulterat i att lärare idag erfar en osäkerhet över vilka befogenheter somTeachers working within the Swedish educational system have a duty, not only to mediate knowledge, but also to uphold the peace and security in school, as well as to guarantee a safe school environment for his or her students. However, the means, by which this duty is to be carried out, have been questioned after a number of judicial decisions in recent years, which have resulted in insecurity amo

This thesis investigates international law and its subjects according to two important 17th century thinkers, the legal theorist Hugo Grotius and the philosopher Thomas Hobbes. What is the character of international law according to Grotius and Hobbes? What are the subjects of international law, and how do they relate to it? To answer these questions, Grotius On the Law of War and Peace and Hobbes

Rätten till medborgarskap kodifierad i artikel 15 i FN:s declaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna tolkas som rätten att ha rättigheter. Genom medborgarskap säkras tillgång till grundläggande mänskliga rättigheter. Personer som inte betraktas som medborgare i någon stat enligt dess lagar är de jure statslösa. Åtnjutandet av mänskliga rättigheter för de jure statslösa är följaktligen begränsad. FThe right to nationality codified in article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is understood as the right to have rights. By possessing nationality, access to fundamental human rights is ensured. A person who is not considered a national of any state according to its laws is de jure stateless. De jure stateless persons are consequently impeded to enjoy such human rights. As of today

Today, vehicles are equipped with advanced electronics and complex alarm systems but still vehicle and cargo theft is a huge problem around the world. After struggling with this issue for several decades, the government in Brazil finally had enough and voted that all new vehicles manufactured or imported to the country are required to be equipped with an electronic device enabling tracking and imm

Denna uppsats behandlar normer och värderingar kring kvinnlig och manlig ära utifrån rättsliggjorda ärekränkningsbrott i Stockholm mellan åren 1474 och 1481. En kvantitativ metod i kombination med en hermeneutisk metod har använts för att komma fram till om ärekränkningarna tycks ha varit ett manligt eller kvinnligt fenomen under perioden. Resultatet visar en överrepresentation av män både när det

Abstract: The human gastro intestinal tract (GIT) plays a significant role in the well-being and has a significant impact on human health. Probiotics are the live microbial food supplement which alters the microbial composition in gut and prebiotics are the substrates that enhance the growth of probiotics. Our interest was to examine the prebiotic utilization of this probiotics and to check the c

Abstract The significance of terrestrially derived iron (Fe) for marine ecosystems and its implications on other biogeochemical cycles is well recognised. It has been recently highlighted that the concentration of Fe in several Swedish rivers has increased strongly over the last 40 years. Four rivers draining into the Baltic Sea were used in the present study in order to assess the aggregation pr

In this thesis, a novel method for characterizing Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines(PMSMs) based in the dynamic response of the analyzed motor is evaluated. The most significant motor characteristics -torque, flux and efficiency maps- are computed from the motor voltage, currents and rotor position data sampled during the experiment. This way of obtaining the characteristics of the motor is po

Effekter av träning i fastande tillstånd Den tydligaste effekten av uthållighetsträning är förbättrad kondition. Ordet kondition kan definieras som samspelet mellan lungor, hjärta, blod och muskler. Lungorna ska växla syrgas från inandningsluften och släppa ut koldioxid. Hjärtat ska pumpa blod till lungorna och ut i kroppen. Blodets uppgift är att syresätta musklerna vid fysisk ansträngning. Allt

ABSTRACT The objective of this project was to study if the adaptive background affects the spectral sensitivity of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) tested in bright light. Two budgerigars were trained, by associative learning with food rewards, in dual choice tests to discriminate monochromatic light stimuli of nine different wavelengths from an adaptive background with ultraviolet light (UV

This project is a study that has described what condition based maintenance is and has examined the possibilities with condition based maintenance on the new A26 submarine. It finishes with a detailed case study of how a condition based maintenance system could look like on the submarine’s diesel engines. Questions that have been answered are; what is condition based maintenance and how does it wo

Abstract Ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are four widelyused anti-inflammatory drugsthat areproduced in several kilotons each year.They end up in natural water recipients which couldvary inpH from around 6.0 to 9.0. Bearing in mind that most of thesepharmaceuticals are weak acids and therefore dissociates in different degree depending on surroundingpH and the chemical’s pKa, we ca

Ett nytt protein som hjälper Haemophilus bakterien att fastna i luftvägarna På ytan av luftvägsbakterien Haemophilus influenzae, finns en rad proteiner. Genom att flytta dessa proteiner till en annan bakterie, Escherichia coli, har vi visat att de kan binda till ett protein som finns i våra luftvägar. Bindningen till luftvägarna är ett första steg i etableringen av en infektion som sedan gör oss

PEJL PÅ RASTANDE FLYTTFÅGLAR Varje vår och höst passeras Falsterbo av miljontals flyttfåglar. Många mellanlandar här för att fylla på sina bränsledepåer och vila upp sig inför nästa etapp på resan. Frågor som är intressanta inom flyttfågelforskningen är bland annat hur länge fåglarna rastar och om längden på vistelsen är kopplad till art, ålder, kön, fettreserver eller flyttningsstrategi (i det hABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine autumnal stopover strategies of migratory passerines, with the main focus on stopover duration, departure time and departure direction in relation to biometrics (age, sex and fat reserves), different migratory strategies (long, short-to-medium and partial migration) and weather conditions. During the autumn migration season of 2010, in conjunction wi

In the E. ON sponsored research project, Distibution LABoratory, at the Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation at LTH the impact of the increased move towards use of cables in the Swedish distribution grid is examined. The project also built a model of a small distribution grid. The model was used to simulate a Petersen coil earthed grid system. Petersen coil earthing lower

Solar storms are a phenomenon that has a wide array of adverse consequences on technological systems, power systems in particular. During severe solar storms a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) starts to flow through long conducting structures, such as power lines and pipelines. The probability of solar storms has a roughly linear relation with the sunspot activity level which varies in 11 yea

Upptäcka gener inblandade i diabetes I många sjukdomar, så som diabetes, spelar människans gener en viktig roll i vem som insjuknar och hur utvecklingen sker. Därför är det viktigt att, i den mån det går, identifiera dessa gener så vid insjuknande, ge varje patient en mer specialiserad vård som kan bromsa sjukdomsförloppet. Diabetes är en metabolisk sjukdom där kroppen inte kan reglera glukoshaAbstract Aims/hypothesis Diabetes, a metabolic disease rapidly increasing worldwide, is triggered by both genetic and environmental factors. Longitudinal studies, such as the Malmö Prospective Project (MPP), give a unique opportunity to study life-long risk of developing a disease. In MPP, more than 2,000 individuals developed diabetes during a mean 25-year follow-up time. However, patients with

The objective of this master thesis is to review the present and future condition of generator step up power transformers at the combined heat and power plant Öresundsverket, in Malmö. The objective of this work was to prolong the lifetime of power transformers at Öresundsverket. The thermal properties of power transformer are been taking into consideration for their life time assessment. The most

The Archaean Yilgarn craton in Western Australia is a granite greenstone belt with abundant economically important mineral reserves, including several world-class gold deposits such as the giant Kalgoorlie deposit. Structural controls on gold deposition and the fact that most deposits were formed later in the craton’s tectonic history, has resulted in the general acceptance of a late-orogenic str