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Microglia and infiltrating leukocytes are considered major producers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is a crucial player in cerebral ischemia and brain inflammation. We have identified a neuroprotective role for microglial-derived TNF in cerebral ischemia in mice. We show that cortical infarction and behavioral deficit are significantly exacerbated in TNF-knock-out (KO) mice compared with wi
PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to extend the previously reported short-term randomized trial of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to compare outcomes 5 years after surgery. METHODS: In a single-center randomized controlled trial, 128 patients (25 to 60 years) with clinically diagnosed and electrophysiologically confirmed idiopat
A novel approach to create macroporous cryogels (or gels synthesized at sub-zero temperatures) with increased mechanical strength is presented. The cryogels with unique double-continuous macroporous networks were prepared via sequential freezing-thawing, when the new cryogel was synthesized inside the interconnected macropores of the preformed or primary cryogel. The prepared double-continuous mac
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations in many northern European freshwater systems have been increasing during the past decades. DOM affects the marine plankton community where rivers discharge into the sea. Large DOM molecules have been suggested to be more available to aquatic plankton than smaller ones due to their more recent origin in the degradation process. In this study, we investi
Herein I will provide a brief overview of artificial receptors with emphasis on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and their applications. Alternative techniques to produce artificial receptors such as in silico designed and modelled polymers as well as different receptors designed using libraries of more or less natural composition will also be mentioned. Examples of these include aptamers and
Around 70,000 osteoporosis-related fractures occur in Sweden annually and approximately half of the women in western world will sustain a fragility fracture after the age of 50 years. Fracture preventive efforts require the identification of individuals who are at high risk. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTMs) have shown some degree of fracture predictability. There is also a correlation b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad är det med upphovsrätten som inte fungerar i det digitala samhället? Vad är det som gör att miljoner människor just i fallet med fildelning tycker att det är okej att bryta mot lagen? Och, sett från det omvända perspektivet, vad är det som gör att lagen inte klarar av att anpassa sig efter de nya digitala praktikerna? Varför denna inlåsning och detta tillbakablickanThis is a compilation thesis in the sociology of law, which analyses copyright law in three steps; the legal norms, the social norms and the underlying conceptions in their metaphorical representation. These three steps assist in answering the overarching question: "How do legal and social norms relate to each other in terms of the conceptions from which they emanate or by which they are construct
Novel strategies for specific tumour cell targeting are necessary in order to improve survival rates and to reduce side effects of current therapies in cancer patients. Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumours and one of the major driving forces for tumour progression. Targeting of the adaptive responses of cancer cells to hypoxia offers opportunities for tumour specific therapies. The aim of this
Cold weather garments are necessary for people who are exposed to cold environments (below -5 °C). The weight and bulkiness of such a cold weather clothing ensemble may limit human activity and reduce the productivity. In order to solve these problems, a slim garment with a built-in heating element could be useful. The heat input power and heating efficiency are the two most important parameters f
Abstract Aim: To test the hypothesis that there is a subgroup of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who show a decline in ADHD-symptoms that is associated with signs of biological maturation, a phenomenon referred to as a 'maturation catch-up'. Methods: The parents of 147 children who were given an examination in grades one and two 1999-2000 that included assessment of A
This paper proposes an individualized approach to closed-loop control of depth of hypnosis during propofol anesthesia. The novelty of the paper lies in the individualization of the controller at the end of the induction phase of anesthesia, based on a patient model identified from the dose-response relationship during induction of anesthesia. The proposed approach is shown to be superior to admini
A list of the books in the library of the Danish queen Caroline Mathilde was compiled after her death in Celle, Germany, in 1775. The list is published and the contents of the libary analysed and discussed.
Genome sequencing can identify individuals in the general population who harbor rare coding variants in genes for Mendelian disorders1-7 and who may consequently have increased disease risk. Previous studies of rare variants in phenotypically extreme individuals display ascertainment bias and may demonstrate inflated effect-size estimates8-12. We sequenced seven genes for maturity-onset diabetes o
Synthetic gas (syngas) fuels are promising energy sources in the future. In the current work, laminar flame speeds of typical syngas with different H-2 contents were studied using both experimental measurements and kinetic simulations. Measurements were carried out using the Bunsen method with the flame area derived from the OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) images; while kinetic simu
Modern technology makes garments smart, which can help a wearer to manage in specific situations by improving the functionality of the garments. The personal heating garment (PHG) widens the operating temperature range of the garment and improves its protection against the cold. This paper describes several kinds of PHGs worldwide; their advantages and disadvantages are also addressed. Some challe
Educational software in which the student takes the role of teacher and instructs a digital tutee a so-called teachable agent has repeatedly proven to have positive effects for school children's learning. In a study with 39 preschoolers aged 3:9 to 6:3, we explored the conditions under which children this young would benefit as well from this kind of educational software. We specifically investiga
We report on synchrotron-based high-repetition rate ultrafast x-ray diffraction (UXRD) experiments monitoring the transport of heat from an epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattice (SL) into the substrate on timescales from 100 ps to 4 mu s. Transient thermal lattice expansion was determined with an accuracy of 10(-7), corresponding to a sensitivity to temperature changes down to 0.01 K. We fo
The immobilization of functional biomolecules to surfaces is a critical process for the development of biosensors for disease diagnostics. In this work we report the patterned attachment of single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies to the surface of metal oxides by the photodeprotection of self-assembled monolayers, using near-UV light. The photodeprotection step alters the functionality at
we present results that provide fundamental insights on how to experimentally tailor the planar defect density and even the crystal structure in III-V metal-particle-seeded nanowires, where zinc blende is the stable bulk crystal structure. We have grown GaP nanowires with metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy under different conditions: pulsing of the Ga source, and Continuous growth with and without
