A total of 61 individuals involved in five norovirus outbreaks in Denmark were genotyped at nucleotides 428 and 571 of the FUT2 gene, determining secretor status, i.e., the presence of ABH antigens in secretions and on mucosa. A strong correlation (P = 0.003) was found between the secretor phenotype and symptomatic disease, extending previous knowledge and confirming that nonsense mutations in the

A young woman was admitted to hospital with suspected pyelonephritis. Due to prolonged fever, further investigations were done and showed a thrombosis in her femoral vein; X-ray and lung scintigraphy revealed a pulmonary embolism. Blood tests showed lymphocytosis, and a primary cytamegalovirus (CMV) infection was confirmed by serology and PCR. The patient was a smoker and obese and was taking oral

Measles virus genotype B3 was isolated from patients during a measles outbreak in Copenhagen starting January 2006. Here we describe three cases: two children aged 9 and 22 months, respectively, and a 29-year-old man. All three patients were hospitalised. Several doctors examined both the children before the diagnosis of measles was established. The patients were not vaccinated against measles. Th

The objective of this work was to move towards developing a comprehensible Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to facilitate the predictive modeling of Fast Pyrolysis Oil (FPO) spray combustion. A CFD model was implemented from the literature and results were compared to 2D data from non-intrusive optical diagnostics involving Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence of the OH radical, Mie scatteri

It is possible to visualize rapidly viral particles by electron microscopy (EM) in patient samples and in cell cultures, and characterize the particles on the basis of their size and morphology. In many instances, EM has contributed to the diagnosis of specific infectious agents. Four different types of viruses with different characteristics of particle size, capsid structure, the presence or abse

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity.METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background popula

Infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in young children. To clarify the infectious etiology of diarrhea in Danish children less than 5 years of age, we conducted a 2-year prospective case-control study. Stools from 424 children with diarrhea and 870 asymptomatic age-matched controls were examined, and their parents were interviewed concerning symptoms. Rotavirus, adenovirus

In 2000, a large enterovirus (EV) outbreak was seen in Denmark; the number of patients with a verified EV infection was 3-fold higher compared to previous y. Echovirus 30 (E30) was the dominant EV type and was detected in 31% of all 306 EV positive patients and in 61% of the 155 patients in whom typing was successful. The outbreak started in February and peaked in June, which is unusually early in

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of an incompressible, turbulent, co-annular swirling flow field have been performed in order to compare the influence of different subgrid scale (SGS) models. Two models were investigated, an implicit model and a stress similarity model. In the simulations using the implicit approach, no explicit SGS model was used. For the stress similarity model, similar behaviour bet

Background: We recently reported a sensitivity of 85.5% to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/cancer by the use of self-collected vaginal samples analysed by the Aptima mRNA HPV assay (AHPV). Objectives: To increase detection of HPV among self-samples. Study design: We used a pre-heating step at 90 °C for 1 h on our previously AHPV-negative self-

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Madagascar have primarily been monitored in selected groups of patients attending STI clinics in major cities as part of the HIV surveillance program in Madagascar.GOAL OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to provide complementary data related to STI prevalence in a general rural population.STUDY DESIGN: STIs were investigated

INTRODUCTION: Our main aims were to establish criteria for early distinction between meningococcal disease and other conditions with similar clinical features, and to identify other causes of haemorrhagic rashes accompanied by fever.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study comprised 264 infants and children hospitalised with fever and skin haemorrhages.RESULTS: We identified an aetiological a

The parameters to extract polysaccharide-enriched fractions (PEF) from mushrooms using MAE (microwave-assisted extraction) were adjusted following a full factorial 3 2 experimental design. The highest yield and total carbohydrate values, using Lentinula edodes as model mushroom, were obtained at 180 °C and 30 min. Several mushroom species were submitted to MAE and their PEF yields ranged between

Circular business models aim to preserve the value of material resources in society by slowing and closing resource flows. Various models have been identified, including the Extending Product Value business model, which plays a role in extending product lifetimes by reversing product obsolescence. However, the characteristics of these business models and their associated environmental consequences

In today's terrorism-prone and security-focused world, evacuation emergencies, drills, and false alarms are becoming more and more common. Compliance to an evacuation order made by an authority in case of emergency can play a key role in the outcome of an emergency. In case an evacuee experiences repeated emergency scenarios which may be a false alarm (e.g., an evacuation drill, a false bomb threa

The use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)containing aqueous film forming foams (AFFF)at fire training facilities can have an adverse impact on the surrounding environment. The aim of the present study was to study the distribution and temporal trend of 26 PFAS in water and sediment cores for a lake and a pond affected by AFFF release from a fire training facility in Luleå, northern Sw

The apparition of adaptive immunity in Gnathostomata correlates with the expansion of the E-protein family to encompass E2-2, HEB, and E2A. Within the family, E2-2 and HEB are more closely evolutionarily related but their concerted action in hematopoiesis remains to be explored. Here we show that the combined disruption of E2-2 and HEB results in failure to express the early lymphoid program in Co