The exact biosynthetic pathways leading to benzoic acid (BA) formation in plants are not known, but labeling experiments indicate the contribution of both beta-oxidative and non-beta-oxidative pathways. In Petunia hybrida BA is a key precursor for the production of volatile benzenoids by its flowers. Using functional genomics, we identified a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, PhKAT1, which is involved in t

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The aim of this article is to study how selected variables influence delays in train traffic. Data has been collected on train movements, timetables, weather and capacity utilization on a highly utilized single-track railway line in southern Sweden during 2014. Based on this dataset, we have analysed how different factors affect delays in passenger traffic. We measure delays in a novel way, as devThe aim of this article is to study how selected variables influence delays in train traffic. Data has been collected on train movements, timetables, weather and capacity utilization on a highly utilized single-track railway line in southern Sweden during 2014. Based on this dataset, we have analysed how different factors affect delays in passenger traffic. We measure delays in a novel way, as dev

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain new knowledge of how organizational errors can be used to early detect signals of impending crises and thereby develop internal crisis communication. Three communication processes – organizational culture, leadership and learning – that are particularly important for the development of internal crisis communication are focused. The paper also discusse

Punctuality is regarded as an important measure of the performance of a railway system, and is the one most commonly used and discussed measureboth in the industry and among travelers. In many countries,the punctuality of trains, and thus the performance of the railway system, is deemed as lacking. The aim of this article is to study and quantify how severalweather-,timetable, operational and infrPunctuality is regarded as an important measure of the performance of a railway system, and is the one most commonly used and discussed measure both in the industry and among travelers. In many countries, the punctuality of trains, and thus the performance of the railway system, is deemed as lacking. The aim of this article is to study and quantify how several weather-, timetable, operational and

Punctuality in Sweden has been too low for several years, and there is now a goal in the industry that it must improve by more than five percentage points by 2020. Research has shown that timetable properties affect punctuality, and timetables can be changed relatively quickly and easily, compared to infrastructure and rolling stock. In this paper we study some strategies for assigning margins in

Previous research has shown that timetables are important for punctuality, and research is ongoing on how to improve timetables through more simulation, optimization techniques, better scheduling of track works, and data analysis. Relatively little attention has been given to the actual planners. In this study, we have conducted interviews with timetable planners in Southern Sweden, and analyzed t

Acute coronary artery occlusion should be treated with urgent revascularization. ECG is important in the triage of patients with acute coronary syndrome. ST deviation depends on the relation between the location of the transmural ischemia and the positive poles of the 12 ECG leads. In acute occlusion of the left circumflex artery, ST elevation in two contiguous leads is not always present. InsteadAcute coronary artery occlusion should be treated with urgent revascularization. ECG is important in the triage of patients with acute coronary syndrome. ST deviation depends on the relation between the location of the transmural ischemia and the positive poles of the 12 ECG leads. In acute occlusion of the left circumflex artery, ST elevation in two contiguous leads is not always present. Instead

Some patients with a uni- or bilateral hand- or forearm amputation cannot use a hand prosthesis, although high-tech prostheses have been developed. A hand transplantation, particularly for those with bilateral amputations, may be an alternative solution. In a hand-transplanted patient, grip function, strength, sensibility and subsequent improved quality of life can be restored. Risks related to im

Background: Echocardiography involves strenuous postures of the upper limbs. This study explored the physical workload in the neck and upper limbs in sonographers performing echocardiography, and the extent to which the workload differs from than in other work tasks (other sonographic examinations, and nonsonographic tasks). Methods: The physical load was assessed by inclinometry, goniometry, and

Tobacco, alcohol, malnutrition, overweight and physical inactivity increase postoperative morbidity. Preoperative intervention has been shown to improve the outcome significantly. The aim was to investigate if these lifestyle risk factors were reported in the Swedish national surgical quality registries together with preoperative interventions and postoperative complications. Altogether, 44 regist

Objectives: Open abdomen therapy may be necessary to prevent or treat abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was to analyse the primary delayed fascial closure (PDFC) rate and complications after open abdomen therapy with vacuum and mesh mediated fascial traction (VACM) after aortic repair and to compare outcomes between those treated with open abdomen after primary versus seco

Summary: Background: In 2014, the Swedish Association of Clinical Physiology recommended the use of a new reference material for exercise capacity in bicycle exercise stress testing, 'the Kalmar material'. Compared to the formerly used reference material, 'the Kristianstad material', an increase in the amount of patients being classified as having decreased exercise capacity was expected, but the

Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in intracellular communication and delivery of bioactive molecules. Therefore it has been suggested that EVs could be used for delivery of therapeutics. However, to date the therapeutic application of EVs has been limited by number of factors, including limited yield and full understanding of their biological activities. To addr

Background: Allergy and asthma are closely linked. Inhalation of allergen induces an early allergic response (EAR) within the airways of allergic asthmatic subjects, which is followed by a late allergic response (LAR) in approximately 50% of the subjects. The LAR is defined as a drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline usually occurring 4-8 hours after exposure and is beli