En termoelektrisk komponent utnyttjar den termoelektriska effekten till att omvandla värme till elektricitet. Termopar (eng: thermocouple) är en variant av termoelektriska komponenter. Termopar består av två parallellt liggandes elektriska ledare med ändarna anslutna till en kall och en varm källa. Storleken av ett termopar kan göras nanometer stora om man använder nanotrådar som elektriska ledareIn this project the transport phenomenon Coulomb drag is studied in a 1D system comprised of two nanowires in parallel. Specifically, a driving current across the active wire generated a drag current in the passive wire, and we studied how Coulomb drag influenced both the driving and drag currents. The theoretical calculations used in this project are based on the approach made by Gurevich et al.

Den klimatpåverkan, resursförbrukning och avfallsgenerering som byggbranschen står för idag är omfattande, till exempel står sektorn för 25–35 % av Europas avfall. Det råder en situation där resurseffektiviteten är låg och värdet av de råvaror som används inte tillvaratas. Förbrukningen av naturresurser är stor och möjligheterna att begränsa detta genom återbruk, där både resurser och inbyggd enerThe building industry is responsible for a substantial climate impact, resource consumption and waste generation. As an example, the sector produces 25-35 % of all the waste in Europe. Currently, the resource value is not captured as the resource efficiency is low. The consumption of natural resources is extensive and the opportunity to limit this through reuse, where both resources and the embodi

There has been growing recognition that local communities possess adequate knowledge, skills, experience and understandings of vulnerabilities and risks associated with their lives and livelihoods, and that this should be included in climate change adaptation (CCA). As a result, community-based adaptation (CBA) is being increasingly implemented as means to adapt to climate change (CC). However, de

Detta examensarbete tar avstamp och inspiration från boken Stilövningar (originaltitel Exercices de style) från 1947, av den franske författaren och poeten Raymond Queneau, i vilken han återberättar en och samma historia på 99 olika sätt. Det är vare sig den, i boken, banala grundberättelsen eller den enskilda återberättelsen som är intressant, utan det är i upprepningen och relationen dem emellanThe starting point for this thesis project and the source of inspiration is the novel ’Exercises in Style’ (original title Exercises de style) written in 1947 by French poet and author Raymond Queneau, in which he retells one and the same story, carried out in 99 different literary styles. It is not in the banal template story or the single retelling of it but rather in the repetition and the rela

This thesis focuses on Dalits' lives and experiences in the South Asian diaspora in the United States of America. I explore stories of the Dalit struggle for equality that today transcends national borders as globalisation continues to pave paths for migration. Specifically looking within the vast South Asian diaspora in the US for stories of Dalit-led activism, this thesis begins by bringing

Labeling the map is one of the most essential parts of the cartographic process that requires a huge time and energy. It is proven that the automation of map labeling is an NP-hard problem. There have been many research studies that tried to solve it such as rule-based methods, metaheuristics, and integer programming. However, the results achieved so far are not satisfactory and require much manua

At Alvotech, bioreactors are used for the production of biosimilars. During the production scale-up process, issues can arise at larger scale that are difficult to predict based on physical experiments. Using CFD, two 3D bioreactor models of different scales have been created, namely the 15L HyPerformaTM Glass Bioreactor and 250L HyPerformaTM Single-Use Bioreactor, both manufactured by Thermo FishDuring bioreactor scale-up, unexpected failures become more prevalent due to the increase in volume. A comparison of mixing performance was thus made using computational modeling for two bioreactors at different scales. At the biopharmaceutical company Alvotech, bioreactors are used at different scales for producing biological medicines known as biosimilars. Bioreactors are vessels containing a m

Bakgrund: Barnhälsovården följer de globala målen enligt Socialstyrelsen (2014) om att främja barnets hälsa som medfört att det har blivit mer inriktat på hälsovård. I sjuksköterskans arbete är det betydelsefullt att involvera familjen för att skapa ett gott bemötande, vilket leder till bättre samverkan i mötet. Syfte: Syfte med studien var att beskriva bemötande av barn och familj utifrån distrik

The world is slowly moving towards a more environmentally friendly mindset and many companies, such as Tetra Pak® have followed this lead by producing more environmentally friendly products and developing better materials with less environmental impact. To accommodate these requirements, it is important that the package is recyclable. For a carton this is defined by the repulpability, i.e., the ab

Klimatförändringarna är ett globalt hot mot människors och djurs välbefinnande på jorden. Hotet om klimatförändringar har varit känt i över 30 år och i cirka 10 år har det varit ett faktum att människan är den främsta bidragande faktorn till det. Trots detta är klimatförändringarna år 2022 inte längre ett abstrakt fenomen utan vår verklighet. En av anledningarna till att så lite har gjorts för attClimate change is a global threat to human and animals’ well-being on Earth. The threat of climate change has been known for over 30 years and it is now a fact that humans are the main contributing factor to it. Despite this, in 2022 it is no longer an abstract phenomenon, but our reality. One of the reasons why so little has been done to save the environment is people’s lack of or insufficient kn

Bakgrund: Barnhälsovården följer de globala målen enligt Socialstyrelsen (2014) om att främja barnets hälsa som medfört att det har blivit mer inriktat på hälsovård. I sjuksköterskans arbete är det betydelsefullt att involvera familjen för att skapa ett gott bemötande, vilket leder till bättre samverkan i mötet. Syfte: Syfte med studien var att beskriva bemötande av barn och familj utifrån distrik

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur avvägningen mellan effektivitet och rättssäkerhet i förarbetena till skattetillägget kommit att påverka hur dagens skattetillägg fungerar i praktiken vid Skatteverkets kontrollverksamhet avseende tjänsteavdrag. Detta redogörs för genom att dagens regelverk och de förarbeten som legat till grund för skattetillägget analyseras i förhållande till effektivThe purpose of this essay is to investigate how the trade-off between efficiency and rule of law during the legislation processes for the tax surcharge has come to affect how today's tax surcharge works in practice regarding the Swedish Tax Agency's monitoring of tax deductions for work-related expenses made by natural persons. This essay will examine this through analyzing today's reg

Over the years, flight safety has improved through reliable automated systems, but accidents still occur where pilots are faced with unexpected technical malfunctions without previous training. This thesis aimed to investigate possible ways to develop evidence-based training further to prepare pilots for managing unexpected events by identifying resilient promoting strategies applicable in daily f

Uppsatsen ämnar klargöra när patienter inom psykiatrisk tvångsvård lagligen kan delta i medicinsk forskning om psykiatrisk tvångsvård. En patient inom psykiatrisk tvångsvård kan nämligen vara förhindrad att lämna giltigt samtycke till deltagande i forskning mot bakgrund av sitt psykiska tillstånd och att den kan känna sig tvingad att delta då den befinner sig inom tvångsvården. I lagen (2003:460) This essay aims at clarifying when patients in compulsory psychiatric care can be included in medical research projects concerning compulsory psychiatric care. A patient in compulsory psychiatric care could be unable to provide valid consent to participate in research due to their mental state and the fact that they can feel obliged to consent since they are in compulsory care. The Ethical Review

Due to extensive wildfires in Sweden during the years reaching from 2014 to 2019 Swedish authorities conducted an investigation examining the municipal rescue service’s ability to lead and conduct complex and cross-border operations and found them lacking. This resulted in extended demands on cross-border collaborations and continuous overall management. To meet the new demands municipal rescues s

Utsatta områden har varit föremål för debatt sedan polismyndigheten införde klassificeringen 2015. Syftet med klassningen var initialt att få en nationell lägesbild över kriminella nätverks påverkan i lokalsamhällen. Idag finns totalt 61 områden som klassificeras som utsatta där cirka 5 % av Sveriges befolkning är bosatt. Polismyndighetens lista över utsatta områden är offentlig och har bemötts meVulnerable areas have been the subject of debate since the Swedish police authority introduced the classification in 2015. Today there are a total of 61 areas classified as vulnerable and approximately 5 % of the Swedish population lives in a vulnerable area. The police authority updates and publishes a list of vulnerable areas every second year. The fact that the list is made public has been a su

The enzyme, T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP), is one of the most expensive raw materials required for mRNA vaccine production. As part of establishing South African manufacturing of mRNA vaccine, it is of interest to investigate the feasibility and profitability of South African manufacturing of T7 RNAP. This project scaled up present lab-scale knowledge on T7 RNAP production and used SuperPro design

The steel industry is with its high emissions an important sector to transform from fossil-fueled to fossil-free. In recent years, the technology development has accelerated quickly regarding iron ore reduction using hydrogen produced from electrolysis within the EL-DRP-EAF steel production route. However, it is problematic that the energy supply for the majority of the efforts made within the gre