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Many studies compare health averages between groups such as neighbourhoods or social categories. Averages are simple but can be misleading, since individuals within the same group often differ widely. We present MAIHDA (Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy) as a general framework to study how context structures health differences. MAIHDA is not a new statisti
While the multiexciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals is widely explored, to determine the absorption cross sections for multiexcitons of varying order is still a challenge. In this study, we performed pump–repump–probe transient absorption (ppp-TA) spectroscopic measurements on CdSe@CdS nanorods to gain insights into the absorption cross sections for multiexcitons. By tuning the pump–repu
Cystitis is a bacterial infection of the bladder that occurs in about half of women at least once in their lifetime. Antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin are used to treat cystitis, but antibiotic resistance is a concern, especially for recurrent infections. Here we report an open-label, randomized, single-centre, phase 2 study to analyse the acute and long-term safety and efficacy of the IL-1 recep
Introduction: It is well known that urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, but information about the risk of preterm birth depending on gestational week of infection is sparingly described in the literature. Material and Methods: An observational study based on data from Swedish registers including women giving birth 2014–2020 (n = 684 595). Pregnant women
Importance Identifying early proteomic profiles in infants who develop severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may reveal targets for preventive interventions to reduce retinal vessel loss and the subsequent risk of severe ROP. Objective To assess early longitudinal profiles of blood protein levels in preterm infants with or without severe ROP and the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexa
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in exceptional points in open quantum systems. The natural approach in this area has been the use of Markovian master equations. While the resulting Liouvillian EPs have been seen in a variety of systems and have been associated to numerous exotic effects, it is an open question whether such degeneracies and their peculiarities can persist beyond the vali
The aerodynamic effects of ice accretion on wind turbine blades has been studied using numerical methods. The ice accretion process on an aerofoil was simulated using RANS based simulations. The aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil was then investigated using several turbulence models, including both LES and DES. Aeroacoustic simulations using the Curle analogy were also performed. The res
We consider a generalization of the forest fire model on ℤ+ with ignition at zero only, studied by Volkov (2009 ALEA 6, 399–414). Unlike that model, we allow delays in the spread of the fires and the non-zero burning time of individual ‘trees’. We obtain some general properties for this model, which cover, among others, the phenomenon of an ‘infinite fire’, not present in the original model.
Take Home Message Using Germany as a case example, a comparison between organized mammography screening and contemporary, risk-adapted screening for prostate cancer suggests that prostate-specific antigen–based early detection with incorporation of magnetic resonance imaging and active surveillance can achieve benefits comparable to those of mammography while addressing previous concerns about ove
Aims/hypothesis: Type 1 diabetes develops gradually, and previous exposures may influence incidence. We aimed to assess the geographical variation in type 1 diabetes incidence in Sweden by considering all residential locations from birth to diagnosis in individuals aged 0–30 years, diagnosed between 2005 and 2022. Significant high- and low-risk clusters were identified for different life stage exp
The gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of host genetic factors influencing gut microbiota composition in 12,652 individuals from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), with replication in Nordic cohorts (n = 16,017–21,976). We identified 12 reproducible SNP–species associations across six genomic loci, including known (LCT, ABO
Objective: Increasing survival probabilities among children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to a growing population at risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae. This study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals treated for ALL under the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol in Eastern Denmark, including performance
Plesiosaurs are secondarily aquatic reptiles with a fossil record extending over 140 million years, and their fossilised remains have been found in sediments deposited in both warm, equatorial waters and cold, high-latitude environments. They are usually portrayed as a snake threaded through the body of a sea turtle. However, due to a general absence of preserved soft tissues, reconstructing the l
The digestion of food is known to have significant hemodynamic and metabolic effects where many have not been fully investigated. The potential effect of food intake could be interesting both from a physiological point of view and from a methodological point of view, as it could affect when blood samples are collected. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of food intake on 143
This chapter presents a novel analytical-experimental approach to performance practice studies within the field of new organology. The development of musical instruments in order to produce the sound colours demanded by aesthetic trends and compositional desires (or vice versa) has an inevitable impact on both performance and pedagogical traditions. Left unchecked, such transformations can easily
In the last column, we promised to return to one of the inevitable challenges that vibe coding leaves us with. At the AI Engineer World’s Fair 2025, OpenAI’s Sean Grove claimed that whoever writes the specification is now the programmer since AI can take it from there. Sounds amazing, but what gets lost along the way? To explore this, I’m joined by Jan-Philipp Steghöfer, a researcher at XITASO and
D-dimer has been proven to be an excellent rule-out marker for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with a sensitivity exceeding 95% while specificity remains low. We hypothesized that the addition of fibrinogen, which is decreased in ATAAD patients due to consumption coagulopathy, would increase predictive ability. This was an exploratory, retrospective, single-region, observational study compa
Recent research regarding internationalized higher education has recognized that although English is commonly used as the medium of instruction, students and teachers are highly multilingual. While there have been calls to transcend the limitations of being English-centric, the need to reconceptualize assessment practices to cater to the needs of multilingual learners has received much less attent
Can two items both be neutral in value yet differ in rank? I argue that they can, with significant implications: not everything neutral should be treated equally. This challenges the widespread assumption that neutral value marks a point of evaluative equivalence. I defend the intuitive case for neutral hierarchies through examples from aesthetics and welfare, then show that both major accounts of
