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Factor VIII (F.VIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF):Ag data collected by eight laboratories on a total of 336 obligatory carriers of hemophilia A and 137 normal women were used to answer several questions concerning the construction of linear discriminants for carrier detection. It was found: that a "universal" linear discriminant can be constructed which is suitable for use in all laboratories a
Eight laboratories in six countries cooperated to clarify several issues concerning the phenotypes of heterozygous carriers of hemophilia "A." Plasma levels of factor VIII (F.VIII:C, formerly VIII:C) and von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag, formerly VIIIR:Ag) of carriers and normal women were determined by various "in-house" methods; a single lyophilized plasma standard was used for all assays. Analysis
A semistructured personal interview was performed with 29 carriers of hemophilia A or B, 1-5 years after a pregnancy in which prenatal diagnosis (PND) was performed by fetal blood sampling. Fetal blood sampling by fetoscopy was significantly more often reported by the women to the more trying than expected than was ultrasound-guided heart puncture. Of 29 women 13 was classified as having experienc
A semistructured personal interview was performed with 29 carriers of hemophilia A or B, 1-4 years after a pregnancy in which prenatal diagnosis (PND) of hemophilia was performed by fetal blood sampling. The carriers had received different recommendations regarding future pregnancies, and 14/29 did not know before they became pregnant that PND by fetal blood sampling was possible. One third of the
BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015.METHODS: We estim
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context.METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment
BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we
BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigati
BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015).METHODS: We applied statistical methods to systematic
The scale, rate, and intensity of humans’ environmental impact has engendered broad discussion about how to find plausible pathways of development that hold the most promise for fostering a better future in the Anthropocene. However, the dominance of dystopian visions of irreversible environmental degradation and societal collapse, along with overly optimistic utopias and business-as-usual scenari
Developing an ability to independently formulate research questions is an important goal in doctoral education. During a seminar in the “Docent course”, accredited by Genombrottet at Lund University, the authors behind this paper ended up in a discussion on the actual conditions for developing such ability. During the discussions, the authors, based on their own experiences, identified several con
This summary critically analyses the legal regime that protects the ancestral lands and natural resources traditionally used, the so-called traditional communal property, of indigenous and tribal peoples in the Americas. It also analyses the legal regime’s connection with indigenous and tribal people’s right to cultural identity and the right to a dignified life.The Inter-American Court of Human R
From a historical perspective, this article analyzesthe dramatic politicalprocess in the 1990s when modern Sweden left its traditional dissociationfrom historical orientations by entering into a European context in which theSecond World War and the Holocaust were crucial historical landmarks.The political campaign Living History must be understood in terms of recent processes of both nationalizati
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state-ofSpatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state-of
In this paper, we focus on solving the time delay as a separateproblem to the reconstruction of the microphone and sound locations.The time delay estimation appears as one of the main steps in sensorcalibration problem, once the time delays are known or estimated, wecan solve the time-difference-of-arrival problems by converting them totime-of-arrival problems. In this paper we make use of an alte
