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Background and aim: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) represent a heterogeneous group of children with varying genetic backgrounds and different numbers of autoantibodies at diagnosis. The latter may reflect an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that contribute to the onset of the disease. However, the specific triggers remain unknown. The overall aim of this t
AimsThe epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) has been described in terms of incidence, fracture complexity, and general time trends, but current literature on time trends in PHF complexity is limited. This study aims to explore possible time trends in PHF complexity and report the distribution of different types of PHF from January 1944 to December 2020.MethodsThe city of Malmö, Swede
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is a rare, solid childhood cancer with poor prognosis due to treatment resistance and metastasis. Improved patient outcome is dependent on the understanding of the resistance mechanisms and subsequent development of novel treatment options.In Paper I, we established a clinically relevant in vivo treatment protocol using current standard-of-care chemotherapy (COJEC). We
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance via the olfactory pathway is well-documented in animal models. However, results from in vivo human studies appear inconsistent. Studies using intrathecal (IT) Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI showed minimal tracer pass-through from intracranial to extracranial olfactory regions such as the nasal mucosa. Conversely, human imaging s
BackgroundEarly identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains challenging. We aimed to identify key predictors of new-onset AKI within 48 h after ICU admission and renal replacement therapy (RRT) need within 7 days, using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). We also assessed whether XGBoost improved predictive peBACKGROUND: Early identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains challenging. We aimed to identify key predictors of new-onset AKI within 48 h after ICU admission and renal replacement therapy (RRT) need within 7 days, using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). We also assessed whether XGBoost improved predictive
Introduction: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have a dismal prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and for these patients, the only possible treatment is palliative chemotherapy. There are increasing data from retrospective studies indicating that a subgroup of patients with liver-limited metastases may benefit from surgical treatment of liver
The structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are malleable to solution conditions. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the effects of molecular crowding on these properties. Polymer-based crowders, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Ficoll®, are commonly used to simulate the intracellular environment by replicating the high concentration of macromolec
The evolution of advanced cognition in vertebrates is associated with two independent innovations in the forebrain: the six-layered neocortex in mammals and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) in sauropsids (reptiles and birds). How these novelties arose in vertebrate ancestors remains unclear. To reconstruct forebrain evolution in tetrapods, we built a cell type atlas of the telencephalon of the s
We aimed to investigate the association between psychotropic drug use (proxy for psychological health) and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) type 1 and type 2 in upper and lower limbs. We also assessed the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors. From a national record linkage database [4,706,821 individuals (25–64 years); CRPS type 1 = 809; type 2 = 225], prevalence ratios (PR), absol
This study examined pathways to quality-of-life (QOL) among hotel staff facing job insecurity, considering the roles of customer orientation, organizational commitment, leadership, and job engagement. A research model was developed and tested using path analysis on survey data, comparing groups with high and low job insecurity. Results showed the model explained 43.3 % of variance in QOL. Customer
Background: In cardiovascular magnetic resonance, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is the standard method to visualize myocardial infarction (MI). Many algorithms quantifying infarct size in LGE images exist. However, only few algorithms have been validated, i.e., benchmarked against an ex-vivo measurement. Furthermore, the reported algorithm performance varies considerably between studies. Objec
I Sverige hålls människor kvar i fattigdom, samtidigt som de misstänkliggörs av politiker som lata, otacksamma och bidragsberoende. Att regeringen svajar på sanningen visar bara på deras djupa okunskap om försörjningsstödssystemet – samtidigt som de förstärker en demoniserande bild av utrikesfödda barnfamiljer i utsatthet, skriver 18 fattigdomsforskare.
This thesis investigates the legal and ethical implications of generative artificial intelligence (AI) within the European Union copyright framework, with a particular focus on text and data mining (TDM) practices. It explores how AI systems are trained using vast datasets - often scraped from online content - raising concerns around authorship, consent, and the preservation of attribution. The st
Denna studie analyserar hur stadsdelen Hyllie i Malmö förhåller sig till energiindikatorerna i ISO 37122, en internationell standard för att mäta och jämföra smarta städer. Genom dokumentanalys, intervjuer och jämförelser med Adelaide och Kalasatama i Helsingfors undersöks både styrkor och svagheter i hur standarden fungerar i praktiken. Resultaten visar att Hyllie i stor utsträckning lever upp tiThis study analyzes how the district of Hyllie in Malmö relates to the energy indicators in ISO 37122, an international standard for measuring and comparing smart cities. Using document analysis, interviews, and comparisons with Adelaide and the Helsinki district of Kalasatama, the study examines both the strengths and weaknesses of how the standard works in practice. The results show that Hyllie
The modern world is filled with cybersecurity risks. Current technologies like Kubernetes require extensive know-how and expertise to set up and manage in a secure manner. This has sprung up many ways to secure such environments. The Bifrost Securitys solution is one way of securing these clusters and uses AppArmor to lock down an application to the minimal needed permissions, and hence making att
Spatio-temporal Hawkes processes are a natural way of modelling point process data. They are used in a range of contexts for their ability to separate ”background” arrivals from secondary spread events, yet standard inference algorithms work from a complete event history. Motivated by a study looking at photographic records of an invasive rose-bush population with irregular time intervals between
The number of devices owned by a consumer is increasing and furthermore the collaboration between devices will increase to support enhanced user experience, as seen in the case of Extended Reality (XR) services. Moreover, the upsurge of Internet of Things (IoT) in several industries is leading to a rise in the number of wireless sensors. A common factor across the vast swath of devices is that the
Havets Dolda Meddelanden – Jakten på en Okänd Molekyl I havet pågår en ständig kamp mellan att äta och bli äten. Det är sant även på mikroskopisk skala, där det har visat sig att vissa alger kan känna doften av sina predatorer och skydda sig genom att förändra sin form. I mitt masterprojekt undersöker jag vad det är för molekyl som gör det möjligt för kiselalgen Skeletonema marinoi att känna luktPhytoplankton play a critical role in marine food webs, contributing to approximately half of global primary production. Amongst them, chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema marinoi, can defend against grazers by altering their colony size. While responses to cues released by larger grazers such as copepods are well documented, the identity and function of compounds released by micrograzers lik
