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It has been demonstrated that PID controllers can be tuned effectively based on an experiment with relay feedback. This paper describes a tuning method for a general digital controller based on relay feedback. The control design method is based on pole placement. An interesting feature is that the sampling period and the desired closed-loop poles are determined from the experiment. The method is a
A new chemical reactor, the Open Plate Reactor (OPR), is being developed by Alfa Laval AB. It has a very flexible configuration with distributed inlet ports, cooling zones and internal sensors. This gives the OPR improved control capabilities compared to standard chemical reactors in addition to better heat transfer capacity. In this paper, we address the relationship between the process design,
The formal analysis of normative systems as initiated by Alchourrón and Bulygin can be complemented by the analysis of normative positions as pursued by Kanger, Lindahl, Sergot and Jones. The paper is a step towards integrating the two approaches within an algebraic theory of so-called Boolean quasi-orderings (Bqo's). In the general Bqo theory presented, a number of theoretical tools are introduce
There is a fact of the matter about the nature of the human will and whether it can be considered ‘free’. To investigate this fact is attempting to answer what can be termed the metaphysical question of free will (M-question). The M-question is not identical to the problem of free will. ‘The problem of free will’ is often presented as one of two distinct problems (or sometimes a combination of the
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