Crime is often committed by a group of individuals while criminal descriptions are designed in such a way that they only aim at the action of an individual. For individuals that have committed a crime with others, but do not meet all the requirements in the current crime description and therefore would avoid responsibility, there are extended perpetrator terms applicable, extending the penal respo

Fildelning innebär bland annat nedladdning och tillgängliggörande av upphovsrättsligt skyddade verk på internet. Detta orsakar ekonomiska förluster för rättighetsinnehavarna till verken. För att komma tillrätta med det utbredda fildelningsproblemet har rättighetsinnehavare börjat rikta ersättningsanspråk mot enskilda abonnenter. Detta bland annat genom att utsända förlikningserbjudanden i Sverige File sharing means, among other things, downloading and making copyrighted works available on the internet. This causes economic losses to the rights holders of the works. In order to address the widespread file sharing problem, rights holders have begun to claim compensation from individual subscribers. This, among other things, by sending settlement offers to subscribers in Sweden and Denmark. T

Honour oppression has been up for political discussion the last decades in Sweden, without any concrete solution. The amount of people living in daily honour oppression keeps growing and remains unrecorded. Political parties’ views honour oppression as a societal problem but focuses on the need of further knowledge while the civil society argues that there is enough knowledge and we are in need of

The study set out to analyse the discourse surrounding ‘the digitalisation’ in relation to the labour market in the Swedish Government Offices’ Digitalisation strategy and the government report that builds it, utilising Bacchi’s (2009) WPR-approach. The discourse appears to further the premise that ‘the digitalisation’ will have austere effects on nearly all parts of society. ‘The digitalisation’

Maskinindustrin producerar ständigt stora mängder data som ofta förblir outnyttjad. Data som hade kunnat användas för att förbättra underhållsrutiner och därmed minska frekvensen för maskinfel och öka produktionskvaliteten. Underhåll idag kan delas upp i två delar, åtgärdande underhåll och förebyggande underhåll. Åtgärdande underhåll utförs när en maskin har gått sönder. Förebyggande underhåll utfThis thesis explores Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for predictive time series classification for Predictive Maintenance (PdM). Time slicing and time shifting are methods used, to enable the models to find features over time, and to predict into the future, respectively. Architectures of increasing complexity are explored for Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs), Convolutional Neural Networks (

There is now a body of literature that addresses whether female parliamentarians differ from male parliamentarians in their politics. However, to my knowledge there has not yet been a study that measures if female parliamentarians are more likely to be generous when it comes to immigration policies. In this study I set out to fill this gap by testing if female parliamentarians in the Swedish parli

Bostadsmarknaden avseende nyproducerade bostadsrätter har under senare tid präglats av så kallade förhandsavtal. Med försenade byggprojekt och en vikande bostadsmarknad har man i media kunnat läsa om förhandstecknare som önskar häva sina ingångna förhandsavtal. Argumenten bygger på försening av upplåtelse och tillträde, men även på att de utformade förhandsavtalen är otydliga vilket i sig skulle kThe housing market regarding newly produced co-operative apartments has recently been characterized by contracts made in advance (Contracts, swe. förhandsavtal.) With delayed construction projects and with a declining housing market, it has been possible to read about buyers who want to break their Contracts in media. The arguments are not only based on the delay of grant and access to the apartme

In a foreseeable future we can expect increased precipitation, raised sea levels and flooding in northern Europe. Casual commuting might more frequently include dealing with heavy sky fall, flooded streets and soaking wet clothes. But as we say in Sweden ”Any weather is tolerable as long as you have the right clothes”. Tretorn is a brand that truly knows bad weather. They have a long heritage

In Swedish cultural policy the inclusion of all citizens into culture is repeatedly put forward as an integral part of cultural policy. In this essay I have studied how the identities of citizens are created in municipal cultural policy documents by being constituted as in need of inclusion. I have used Mouffe and Laclau´s discourse theory to examine the creation of identities through subject posi

Humanitära interventioner är ett väl debatterat ämne inom internationell rätt. Det är ett ämne som väcker stora känslor och diskussioner bland jurister samt inom och emellan stater världen över. När det gäller legaliteten av humanitära interventioner finns det mycket material att tillgå, dock övergår diskussionen sällan i det som egentligen är viktigast: Borde humanitära interventioner vara lagligHumanitarian interventions is a well debated subject within international law. When it comes to the legality of humanitarian interventions the international community is divided and a lot of material regarding such interventions can be found. Unfortunately, the discussion rarely turns to the more important question: Should humanitarian interventions be legal under contemporary international law? T

Digitalization of education is an ongoing global policy trend that involves actors from both the public and the private domain. However, there is a lack of research regarding how the schools relate to the actors and how they influence the education. This thesis investigates how the National Digitalization Strategy for the School Sector opens for external actors to influence the implementation proc

The increasingly prominent presence of private actors in Global Environmental Governance raises novel issues of legitimacy. This paper consequently observed a need to investigate the legitimacy of Private Environmental Governance (PEG) and aimed to do so in three ways. Firstly, this study conducted a normative analysis exploring what legitimacy should require in the context of PEG. This examinatio

The Swedish Democrats have changed the political landscape in the Swedish Parliament since they came into parliament in 2010. No other party has yet to declare a coalition for government with them during election campaigns. Several of the other parties claim they will do everything they can do stop the Swedish Democrats from gaining influence over the Swedish political setting, due to their nation

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka kärnvapens laglighet under IHL, med särskilt fokus på fem för rättsområdet grundläggande principer. Världens stater har förklarat sig vara bundna av IHL:s generella principer och kärnvapenstaternas praxis har bekräftat att principerna har relevans för kärnvapenanvändning under väpnad konflikt. Det är emellertid omstritt exakt vilka och hur långtgående begrThe purpose of this essay is to examine the legality of nuclear weapons under international humanitarian law1, focusing on five selected principles of fundamental importance for the entire body of IHL. It is widely accepted that the general principles of IHL subject the deployment of force during armed conflict to restrictions. The states of the international community have willingly articulated

In this paper the normative argumentation against digital surveillance is the object for a critical review. The normative argumentation that has been the core of this paper have been reconstructed and assembled from several different sources. The common ground for the arguments has been the normative values: personal integrity, loss of democracy and social sorting. These arguments have then been

Political trust is crucial for well-functioning societies, but what happens to a high trust country as Sweden when people from other cultures move there? The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether political trust differs between domestically and foreign-born swedes. Furthermore, other factors that can generate political trust has been analyzed. The theoretical framework departs from Mishler

Osäkerhet över ett rättsfaktums existens kan lösas genom att en av parterna i en rättegång åläggs bevisbördan för detta faktum. Den svenska lagstiftaren har i de flesta fall överlämnat åt domstolarna att lösa bevisbördefrågan. I doktrin och praxis har det därför utvecklats olika teorier om hur bevisbördefrågan ska lösas. Eftersom bevisbördans placering kan bli avgörande för utgången i målet är detUncertainty over a dispositive fact can be solved by placing the burden of proof on one of the parties in the trial. In most cases, the Swedish legislature has handed over to the courts to resolve the burden of proof issue. In the doctrine and court practice, various theories have therefore been developed on how to solve the burden of proof issue. Since the placement of the burden of proof can be

Inför det svenska riksdagsvalet 2018 var ett av de mest debatterade ämnena brott och straff. Efter en tid av dödsskjutningar på öppen gata och med vittnen som inte vågade lämna sina iakttagelser på grund av risken för hämndaktioner ropades det från politiskt håll efter möjligheten till att avlägga vittnesmål anonymt som ett led i kampen mot den organiserade brottsligheten. Om inte utvecklingen hejPrior to the Swedish general election in 2018, one of the most debated topics was crime and punishment. After a time of shootings on open street and with witnesses who did not dare to leave their observations due to the risk of reprisals, political cry called for the possibility of conducting testimony anonymously as part of the fight against organized crime. Unless recent developments were ceased

Cultural integration is a special type of European integration that is generally neglected by the researchers but is slowly growing in importance. In this thesis, the process of cultural integration has been examined by analysing the cultural policies contained in the treaties and policy documents of the European Union as well as the political messages contained in the cultural projects realised w

Från att den svenska synen på avtalsförhållanden tidigare betonat parternas avtalsfrihet och starkt präglats av en restriktivitet mot att fylla ut avtal med förpliktelser som inte uttryckligen följer av dessa, har utvecklingen på avtalsrättens område gått emot en syn som snarare ser avtalsförhållandet som ett samarbetsförhållande än ett motpartsförhållande. Svenska avtalsparter har i takt med den The Swedish view of contractual relations has previously emphasized the parties’ contractual freedom and has been characterized by a restrictiveness towards imposing obligations on the parties beyond what expressly follows from the agreement. Development in the area of contract law has led to the contractual relationship being seen rather as a cooperative relationship than a counter-party relation