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Popular Abstract in Swedish En värld av mikrober Vi lever i en värld full av olika bakterier och svampar, så kallade mikrober. Med tanke på artrikedomen och mängden av infektiösa mikrober vi dagligen kommer i kontakt med kan det nästan tyckas som ett smärre mirakel att vi trots allt är så friska som vi är. Detta är dock nästan helt och hållet vårt medfödda immunförsvars förtjänst. Immunförsvaret Abstract The epidermis is one of our primary interfaces towards the external milieu. Following injury, the physical barrier function of the skin is destroyed and the epidermis is left vulnerable to microbial invasion. Inducible innate immune response mechanisms exist to keep the wound site free from infection, thus allowing the wound to heal and the epidermis to re-establish its barrier function.

Since Varian (Econometrica 50:945–973, 1982; Review of Economic Studies 50:90–110, 1983) made checking for consistency with revealed preference conditions more accessible to empirical researchers; researchers have often used revealed preference procedures to test their maintained hypotheses and narrow the scope of their demand studies. The tests developed by Varian are for the direct utility funct

The standard pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease using the dopamine precursor levodopa is unfortunately limited by gradual development of disabling involuntary movements for which the underlying causes are poorly understood. Here we show that levodopa-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats is strongly associated with pronounced 80 Hz local field potential oscillations in the pri

It is important to identify patients who are at risk for infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in order to reduce mortality, to avoid spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and to minimize the number of patients receiving unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A case-control survey among Swedish patients was performed at Skåne University Hospit

In this study, the transmission and reflection of two conductive fabrics are investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. One of the fabrics is a non-woven polypyrrole and the other consists of a polyethylene warp with steel threads in the weft. Reflection and transmission measurements are performed in order to characterize the electromagnetic properties of the materials. Reflection measu

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used tool for studying brain function in vivo. The technique is based on acquiring brain images sensitive to the physiological response following neural activation, and hence, allows brain activity to be examined and documented. In this thesis, methods for fMRI mapping of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are optimised and subsequent

A new state-of-the-art thermoelectric material, Tl 2 Ag 12 Te 7+δ , which possesses an extremely low thermal conductivity of about 0.25 W m -1 K

Exploratory synthesis in the area of polar intermetallics has yielded a rich variety of structures that offer clues into the transition in bonding between Zintl and Hume-Rothery phases. In this article, we present a bonding analysis of one such compound, Ca10Pt7Si3, whose large Ca content offers the potential for negative formal oxidation states on the Pt. The structure can be divided into a subla

The structure of β-Mn crystallizes in space group P4 132. The pseudo 8-fold nature of the 4 1 axes makes it constitute an approximant to the octagonal quasicrystals. In this paper we analyze why a five-dimensional super space group containing mutually perpendicular 8-fold axes cannot generate P4 132 on projection to 3-d space and how this may instead be accomplished from a six-dimensional model. A

Semitransparent dark-red or ruby-red moisture- and air-sensitive single crystals of A 10+x[Ge 9] 2[W 1-xNb xO 4] (A = K, Rb; x = 0, 0.35) were obtained by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The crystal structure of the compounds was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. They crystallize in a new structure type (P2 1/c, Z = 4) with a = 13.908(1) Å, b = 15.909(1) Å, c = 17

Background: Dietary compliance assessments are absent in clinical studies on Paleolithic diet. We therefore developed a ‘Paleolithic Diet Fraction’ (PDF), calculated as the fraction of intake from Paleolithic food groups, to assess compliance with Paleolithic diet in a previously reported study. Methods: 29 male patients with ischemic heart disease, impaired glucose tolerance and waist circumferen

Thermoelectric materials are semiconductors that are characterized by poor thermal transport. A large class of interesting compounds for thermoelectric applications are therefore structurally complex intermetallics. This paper deals with two groups of intermetallics, one defined from the point of view of their structures, the Rock-Salt like structures, and the other from their chemical composition

In the Sb-Nb-S-Se system, a new misfit layer compound (MSL) has been synthesized and its structure was determined by combining single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It presents a composite crystal structure formed by (SbS1-xSe x) slabs stacking alternately with double NbS2 layers and both can be treated as separate monoclinic subsystems. The

A systematic study of the Zn-rich corner of the ternary system Zn-Sb-In revealed the presence of two ternary compounds: stable Zn5Sb4In2-δ (δ=0.15) and metastable Zn9Sb6In2 with closely related crystal structures. Their common motif is a tetragonal basic structure of 32434 nets formed by the Sb atoms. The nets are stacked in antiposition to yield layers of square antiprisms sharing edges plus inte

The crystal structure of the new phase, Ca2Ag 1.83Al0.67Ge1.50(1) (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, after the compound was obtained by high temperature synthesis technique. 1 crystallizes with the NbCoB type structure in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59) with unit cell parameters: a = 20.505(1) Â, b = 4.3807(2) Å c = 7.2211(3) Å, V= 648.65 Å3 (Z = 5). The structure o

A detailed study of the structure of α-Cd13-xSb 10 was performed using a high quality single crystal obtained from a cadmiumrich melt. The study clearly shows that this sample is cadmium-deficient, and should more properly be labelled α-Cd13-xSb10, but whether this is true in general for this phase, or if it is an effect of the precise conditions of synthesis remains unclear. Like for the similar

A study was conducted to investigate the geometrical and electronic connections of Re4Si7 to the rich structural chemistry of the Nowotny Chimmney Ladder phases (NCL). Re4Si7 was prepared by arc-melting a pressed pellet of Re and Si in a stoichiometric ratio, sealing the resulting globule in an excavating quartz tube, and annealing the sample in a muffle furnace. It was found that NCLs were interm