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Pretrained language models are integral part of AI applications, but their high computational cost for training limits accessibility. Initiatives such as Bloom and StarCoder aim to democratize access to pretrained models for collaborative community development. Despite these efforts, such models encounter challenges such as limited multilingual capabilities, risks of catastrophic forgetting during
The lichen genus Lecanora is one of the largest genera of lichenized fungi. The core part of the genus is the L. subfusca group and within this group, Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo, initially described from North America and thought to be endemic, has been reported from several European countries. However, the identity of these European specimens has been increasingly questioned. This study aim
Background: Low-cost particulate matter sensors have enabled new opportunities for exposure monitoring but require evaluation before application in epidemiological studies. This study assessed the performance of the SPS30 sensor integrated into the ARMIE portable monitoring sensor-node under controlled laboratory conditions. Methods: Sensors were co-located with two comparison instruments—the opti
Background: To evaluate whether integrating proteomics, metabolomics, and a cardiovascular disease specific polygenic risk score (CVD-PRS) in the SCORE2-Diabetes model improves sex-specific 10-year prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS), plasma proteomics (with the Olink Explore 3072 platform
The mosque (both as masjid or jāmiʿ) is recognized as the first Muslim educational space for formal and informal learnings, for children and adults alike. Although the mosque remained as one of the primary centers of Islamic studies in various disciplines to this day, the Muslim cities from the Middle Ages onward have witnessed the emergence of specific institutions for Islamic education. Kuttābs
The sharing economy generates many benefits for cities and their citizens. However, it also causes numerous economic, social and environmental challenges, which are the reasons cities develop various policies and regulations. Previous research has explored municipal regulations across cities and countries but often overlooked alternative governance mechanisms. Our earlier work highlighted the need
Background Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures small airway function more sensitively than spirometry. We aim to study the prevalence of abnormal IOS findings in relation to three spirometry patterns (obstructive, PRI
In this paper we study how transforming regular reinforcement learning environments into goal-conditioned environments can let agents learn to solve tasks autonomously and reward-free. We show that an agent can learn to solve tasks by selecting its own goals in an environment-agnostic way, at training times comparable to externally guided reinforcement learning. Our method is independent of the un
BackgroundMolecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with varying prognosis and characteristics have been proposed based on one or two-dimensional studies but are not yet implemented into clinical routine. Epigenetic modifications in cancer cells are independent of sequence variants, directly linked to gene and genome regulation, and thus provide important information to guide subclassificat
Background: Myocardium at risk (MaR) can be evaluated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging using contrast-enhanced steady state free precession (CE-SSFP) in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, CE-SSFP utilizes gadolinium contrast, which is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Native T1-mapping is a non-contrast CMR method which
Purpose: To avoid over-treatment of prostate cancer patients following screening for elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, keeping patients on active surveillance has been suggested as an alternative to radical treatment. This means recurring visits for patients with low-grade cancer to monitor progression. Our aim was to develop an artificial intelligence-based model that can identify high-r
In the current era, the meat supply chain plays a vital role in the food industry. The meat supply chain is experiencing significant challenges due to the increase in demand and Circular Economy (CE) challenges. In the meat supply chain, a huge waste is generated during the meat processing, and it is much needed to manage waste effectively, considering the large quantities of by-products, packagin
Cellulosa är den vanligaste biopolymeren på jorden och en viktig reservoar av organiskt kol i terrestra ekosystem. I skogar kommer mycket av denna cellulosa från trä och bryts ner av saprotrofa basidiomyceter. Dessa svampar klassificeras traditionellt som vitröta eller brunröta baserat på deras sönderfallsmekanismer i lignocellulosasubstrat. Huruvida dessa funktionella kategorier förblir distinktaCellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and a major reservoir of organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. In forests, much of this cellulose originates from wood and is decomposed by saprotrophic basidiomycetes. These fungi are traditionally classified as white rot or brown rot species based on their decay mechanisms in lignocellulosic substrates. Whether these functional categories re
Aim: Assess healthcare utilization and direct costs for heart failure (HF) during the first two years post-diagnosis across HF subgroups. Methods: This retrospective population-based study included patients with HF aged 40–90 years in Region Halland. HF subgroups were defined based on echocardiographic ejection fraction, including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejection
Purpose: Host factors, including genetic factors, are underutilized in breast cancer treatment selection. This study aimed to investigate AIB1 genotypes as pharmacogenetic markers for adjuvant breast cancer treatment. The prognostic impact of three functional polymorphisms associated with altered mRNA expression rs6094752 (low expression), rs2230782 (low expression) and rs2076546 (high expression)
This study investigated the retention of spatial knowledge in buildings following route-learning training in a virtual reality environment. A total of 121 participants were tested up to three months later on putting waypoints of the route in the correct order and recalling directions at waypoints. Memory accuracy declined over time, consistentwith classic memory theory. Route knowledge was retaine
Aim: Predicting the time-activity curve (TAC) of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE for organs at risk and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is an essential element in the calculation of the absorbed dose (AD) and a critical step for individualising peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) treatment planning. This study aims to predict the TAC of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE using a single quantitative image of [68Ga]Ga-
Background: Co-occurring substance use disorders, and mental disorders are associated with significant suffering, high risks of violent reoffending and relapse in both substance use and psychotic episodes. Treatment for co-occurring substance use disorders in forensic mental health settings would benefit from incorporating patients’ understanding of their disorders. Method: Using an interpretative
Background: Our aim was to investigate change over time of passive range of motion (pROM) in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy (CP), treated or not treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A). Methods: Data from 2000 to 2017 were collected from the Cerebral Palsy follow-up program and registry in Sweden (CPUP) for children with spastic or dyskinetic CP. Mixed models were used to ana
