Utländska investerares egendom skyddas av internationell investeringsrätt, inom vilken systemet för internationella skiljeförfaranden mellan investerare och stater (internationella investeringstvister) har utvecklats. Baserat på investeringsavtal mellan stater, eller nationell lagstiftning, har investerare rätt att väcka talan om de anser att staten har underlåtit att fullgöra sina skyldigheter geForeign investors’ property is protected under international investment law, under which the system of investor-state arbitration has developed. Based on investment treaties between states, or national legislation, investors are granted the right to arbitrate if they believe that the state has failed to fulfill its obligations towards them. Under the current legal framework, investors are allowed

De svenska riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna infördes år 2009 i syfte att förhindra oönskad skatteplanering där den svenska skattebasen urholkas genom ränteupplägg med lån mellan bolag inom samma intressegemenskap. Regelverket återfinns numera i 24 kap. 18–20 §§ IL och begränsar avdragsrät-ten för räntekostnaderna på koncerninterna lån. Regelverket ändrades först år 2013 och sedan igen år 2The Swedish targeted interest deduction rules were introduced in 2009, aim-ing to prevent unwanted tax planning that erodes the Swedish tax base through interest schemes involving loans between intra-group companies. The rules are now located in Chapter 24, Sections 18–20 of the Income Tax Act (ITA) and limit the right to deduct interest costs on intra-group loans. The rules were modified in 2013,

Efter mål C-484/19, Lexel, uppdagades en diskussion om hur Sverige kunde formulera riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsregler som är förenliga med etableringsfriheten. Det resulterade i ett förslag som publicerades den 31 maj 2024: SOU 2024:37. Förslaget innefattar en ny bestämmelse där företag får göra avdrag för räntekostnader för ett gränsöverskridande, koncerninternt skuldförhållande om parterna hFollowing case C-484/19, Lexel, a discussion emerged on how Sweden could formulate targeted interest deduction limitation rules compatible with the freedom of establishment. This resulted in a report published on 31 May 2024: SOU 2024:37. The report proposes a new provision whereby cross-border, intra-group debt situations may deduct interest expenses if they would have been entitled to intra-grou

Varumärken är idag inte enbart symboler för kommersiellt ursprung – de är ekonomiskt värdefulla tillgångar och centrala komponenter i företags affärsmodeller. Att överlåta ett varumärke är därför inte bara en transaktion, utan även ett potentiellt riskmoment. I vissa fall kan en köpare som förvärvat ett varumärke hamna i en konflikt med tredje man som hävdar intrång i dennes äldre rättighet. Den rToday, trademarks are not merely symbols of commercial origin – they are economically valuable assets and integral parts of corporate business models. The transfer of a trademark is therefore not only a legal transaction, but also a potential source of risk. In some cases, a buyer who acquires a trademark may encounter conflict with a third party claiming that its use infringes an earlier exclusiv

Den grundläggande principen om avtalsfrihet inom svensk avtalsrätt bygger på tanken om parternas autonomi och respekt för att själva reglera sina rättsförhållanden. Denna frihet skapar ett parallellt skyddsbehov i situationer där avtalsvillkor ensidigt utformas av en part i starkare förhandlingsposition. Risken är då att en part binds av särskilt betungande eller överraskande villkor utan verklig The fundamental principle of freedom of contract in Swedish contract law is based on the notion of autonomy and the respect for parties’ ability to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, this freedom creates a parallel need for protection in situations where contract terms are unilaterally drafted by one party in a stronger negotiating position. In such cases, there is a height

Women Environmental Human Rights Defenders (WEHRDs) safeguard biodiversity, community well- being, and place-based knowledge systems. Yet, WEHRDs, particularly in Colombia, face heightened levels of psychological violence—including threats, defamation, and emotional exhaustion—deeply tied to the extractivist economic model that underpins systemic exploitation of land and communities. In my thesis,

This thesis investigates the model Children’s Housing First as a selective policy in the neoliberal housing context in Sweden. The two research questions are (1) how is Children’s Housing First operating as a selective housing policy? and (2) to what extent does Children’s Housing First reinforce or challenge neoliberal components in the current Swedish housing regime? Children’s Housing First is

This thesis examines the transformation of livelihood strategies and cultural landscapes of the Maniq ethnic group, the only Negrito indigenous community in Thailand who live a nomadic lifestyle based on hunting and gathering in the Banthat mountain range, Phatthalung Province. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork, the study analyzes the impacts of state development policies, environmental change, and

This thesis investigates the hydrosocial territory of Sicily through a political ecology lens, analysing how water insecurity is due to climate change, state absence, socio-political fragmentation. Although water is physically present on the island, its mismanagement, shaped by clientelism, infrastructural decay, and political dysfunction, produces a sense of insecurity, exacerbating social inequa

This thesis explores the structure and potential future of public transport in Mainz, Germany, through the lens of the Foundational Economy. The Foundational Economy, a broad project developed by several European scholars, offers a critique of neoliberalism by advocating for renewed policy attention to essential goods and services—such as public transport. The Foundational Economy reorients public

Fixed links across waterbodies, such as tunnels and bridges, can significantly reshape patterns of connectivity, accessibility, and regional integration, particularly in geographically isolated settings. The proposed Bornholmtunnel, a fixed link intended to connect the Danish island of Bornholm to mainland Sweden, has thus far mainly been studied regarding its technical and economic feasibility. T

The study describes and analyses the legal requirements under EU law (General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the European Health Data Space (EHDS)) for artificial intelligence (AI) processing (primary use) of data concerning health within the healthcare sector. Under the GDPR, processing data concerning health, a special category of personal data, requires a legal basis (Article 6 GDPR) and

This Master's thesis in Sustainable Urban Design investigates the critical transformation of urban peripheral areas. Framed by the concept of "Alchemy of the Edge," it focuses on Westraven, Utrecht—a historically industrial and fragmented site. The project explores how design can facilitate Westraven's "Genesis as a Vibrant Decentralized Node," contributing to a more re

Permanent Temporality explores how urban design can actively engage with time—not as a constraint, but as a creative and structural element. This thesis applies the concept to long-term development, using temporary interventions as catalysts for lasting urban transformation. These interventions foster community engagement and activate spaces throughout the development process. The Mälarporten area

Upptäckten av Higgspartikeln 2012 vid LHC i Schweiz var en milstolpe inom fysiken — den sista elementarpartikeln i vår mest precisa teori hade hittats. Den första elementarpartikeln elektronen identifierades, av JJ Thomson år 1897, under en tid då man tvivlade på existensen av atomer. De teorier och experimentella tekniker som var nödvändiga för Higgspartikelns upptäckt hade verkat som galenskap dThis thesis investigates a scale-invariant Two-Higgs-Doublet Model with an additional scalar singlet, focusing on its phenomenology, both at collider experiments and for cosmological observables. The collider experiments are mainly used to constrain the parameter space of the model. With these constraints, we find that there are restrictions against large sums of masses squared as well as one of t

This thesis examines the potential constitutional restrictions that may prevent Costa Rica from introducing a Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (QDMTT) into its legislation, specifically targeting in-scope Constituent Entities operating under the country’s Special Tax Regime. The main research question explores whether the constitutional principles of non-retroactivity and legitimate expectati

The existing Power Supply Unit (PSU) at Axis Communication contains a fully discrete solution that lacks flexibility for future updates. This research aims to address critical challenges by exploring methods to enhance speed, reduce PCB area, and introduce flexibility to the existing hardware solution. The approach involves replacing hardware functionalities within the control unit with software-c

The rising levels of greenhouse gas emissions, especially of carbon dioxide, imposes a significant threat to the world, requiring new decarbonisation technologies. This thesis explores integrating a Power to X system with an existing biogas plant utilizing waste from salmon fishery. Three pathways for upgrading biogas to methanol or methane were investigated: (P1) direct carbon dioxide to methanol

Sannolikheten att det finns en högtalare nära dig är hög. De finns där för att spela musik i en affär, för att meddela att brandlarmet har gått i byggnaden du befinner dig i eller för att berätta att tåget du ska åka med är inställt. Alla högtalare låter på lite olika sätt, de har sina egna skavanker som gör att en viss frekvens kanske låter lite mer än andra. I detta projekt har vi funderat på deThis thesis investigates the performance and feasibility of passive and active analog frequency compensation filters for audio signal processing in a distributed speaker system. One passive and one active circuit topology were investigated more thoroughly and then the active filter was realized on a PCB and evaluated with electrical, thermal and acoustic measurements. The work also resulted in tw

The Traditional Knowledge (TK) of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) plays a crucial role in addressing the biodiversity and climate crises. Yet, market- and state-driven governance of TK continues to assist and enables its exploitation. I investigate the potential of Traditional Knowledge Commons to protect the knowledge and rights of IPLC from violations. Through a multi-case study