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Complex 1 of the respirator) chain (EC 1.6.531, measured as NADH-duroquinone and NADH-ubiquinone, reductase activities, was isolated from purified red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.I mitochondria. The mitochondria were disrupted by freeze-thawing and inner membrane vesicles were pelleted. After solubilization of the vesicles with Triton X-100, the enzyme complex was purified 11-fold (compared to the a

Plant (and fungal) mitochondria contain multiple NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the inner membrane all of which are connected to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone. On the outer surface, facing the intermembrane space and the cytoplasm, NADH and NADPH are oxidized by what is probably a single low-molecular-weight, nonproton-pumping, unspecific rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. Exogenous NAD

The soluble fraction of disrupted red beetroot mitochondria was resolved by anion-exchange chromatography. Three NADH-oxidising activities were found, including one duroquinone reductase oxidising both NADH and NADPH. This NAD(P)H-duroquinone reductase, which we assign as the internal rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, was further purified by affinity chromatography into a 26 kDa polypept

Purified mitochondria isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) tuber, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosu L.) tuber and rat liver were disrupted at different pH and different EDTA and MgCl2 concentrations either by French Press treatment or by sonication. The submitochondrial particles (SMP) were isolated by differential centrifugation and polarity estimated by the latency of cy

Mitochondria were isolated from fresh beetroots (Beta vulgaris L. cvs Rubria and Nina) by differential centrifugation followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation. These purified mitochondria oxidized external NADH, although relatively slowly (20-40 versus 100-120 nanomoles oxygen per minute times milligram protein for NADH and succinate oxidation, respectively), with respiratory control ratios of

Both the external oxidation of NADH and NADPH in intact potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) tuber mitochondria and the rotenone-insensitive internal oxidation of NADPH by inside-out submitochondrial particles were dependent on Ca2+. The stimulation was not due to increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Neither the membrane potential nor the latencies of NAD+-dependent and

In mitoplasts from Arum maculatum spadices, succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) and the alternative, cyanide-resistant oxidase activity (measured as m-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid-sensitive duroquinol oxidation) was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. In contrast, when 85% inside-out submitochondrial particles were treated with trypsin the alternative oxidase activity was inhibited by about 50% a

Purified potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bintje) mitochondria contain soluble, highly latent NAD+- and NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenases, NAD+- and NADP+-malate dehydrogenases, as well as an NADPH-specific glutathione reductase (160, 25, 7200, 160, and 16 nanomoles NAD(P)H per minute and milligram protein, respectively). The two isocitrate dehydrogenase activities, but not the two malate dehyd

The proteolytic processing of the two TNF receptors (TNF-R55 and TNF-R75) into soluble forms was investigated in the myeloid cell lines U-937 and THP-1. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) rapidly stimulated release of soluble forms of both TNF-receptors. Incubations were made with PMA and protease inhibitors directed against different target protease groups. The serineprotease inhibitors TPCK and dic

OBJECTIVE: Smoking is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In contrast, it has been proposed that smoking may reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), but studies are scarce. We aimed to study the impact of smoking on LADA and type 2 diabetes risks. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data from a Swedish case-control study including incident case patients with LA

Objective: To analyze surgical complications after primary cleft palate repair in a setting with limited resources. Patients and Design: A total of 1608 consecutive cleft palate repairs with 1408 follow-ups, operated upon between 2011 and 2013, were reviewed retrospectively through medical records. Patients were 10 months to 50 years old at the time of surgery, with a median age of 9 years. Settin

Background: Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The only published longitudinal study on cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease was performed in American Indians with relatively high cadmium exposure. oBjectives: Our aim was to examine the association between blood cadmium at baseline and incident cardiovascular events in a population-based study of Swedish men a

Detection of the androgen receptor splice variant 7 in circulating tumor cells and in prostate cancer tissue harbors prognostic and predictive information. The true value of measuring androgen receptor splice variant 7 to predict response to different treatments is still unproven but is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.

Factor V (FV) serves an important role in the regulation of blood coagulation, having both pro- and anticoagulant properties. The circulating high molecular weight single-chain FV molecule undergoes a series of proteolytic cleavages during both activation of coagulation and during anticoagulant regulation of coagulation by activated protein C (APC). It is noteworthy that mutations in the factor V

The development of therapeutic and prophylactic HIV vaccines for African countries is urgently needed, but the question of what immunogens to use needs to be answered. One approach is to include HIV envelope immunogens derived from HIV-positive individuals from a geographically concentrated epidemic with more limited viral genetic diversity for a region-based vaccine. To address if there is a basi