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AI-powered vehicle systems, including autonomous driving features and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), are becoming increasingly integrated into modern automotive development. While these technologies offer benefits such as improved functionality, innovation acceleration, and competitive advantage, they also introduce new challenges. One of the key challenges is maintaining system safety

We study how small, fine-tuned generative large language models (LLMs) can moderate free-text search queries for surveillance video systems. Four open models, Llama 3.2 1B, Llama 3.2 3B, Qwen 2.5 0.5B, and 1.5 B, are trained on six subtasks: safety judgement, problem detection, target detection, span detection, safety explanation, and rephrase. The training combines a public toxicity set with abou

During the winter smog season, Punjab experiences some of the world’s most hazardous air quality levels, largely driven by the open-field burning of agricultural residue. In response, the provincial government introduced a 60 percent subsidy for Super Seeders — tractor-mounted implements that mulch crop residue in-field, eliminating the need for burning. This thesis presents a formative, farmer-ce

The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism has received growing scholarly attention. However, it’s impact on firm strategic behavior remains understudied. This thesis presents a qualitative interview-based research framework to capture private sector behavior. The study utilizes eight expert interviews conducted with firm employees and stakeholders and interprets these results through an inducti

Den här kvalitativa studien har som syfte att undersöka ledarskap som en roll och hur ledarskap formas genom social interaktion, inom studentföreningar vid Lunds universitet. Tidigare studier har gjorts på chefsroller och ledarpositioner inom yrkesverksamheter, men det saknas forskning på ledarskap bland studentföreningar och utifrån studenters egna perspektiv. Via tio stycken semistrukturerade in

The aim of this thesis was to study protein-ligand interactions in the binding pocket of galectin-3C and galectin-8N through X-ray crystallography. Ligands in different stages of their development state were crystallized in complex with their respective target protein. In total, two protein-ligand complexes were structurally solved for galectin-3C, and one partially for galectin-8N. The structures

The integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power is steadily increasing, which introduces challenges such as voltage fluctuations, reduced system stability, and lower power quality. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can support the grid by providing services such as frequency regulation and peak shaving, contributing to a more stable and energy-efficient power system.

This thesis studies the flood risks in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, focusing on the Kali Belik River area, and explores the regulations and design principles aimed at enhancing flood risk reduction and management in the city. The discussion begins at the global level, analysing frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and transitions to the local level, assessing the cha

Insect populations have decreased dramatically the past decades, with one reason being unintentional pressure from pesticides. Insecticides such as neonicotinoids can cause sub-lethal effects in insects, such as altered metabolic regulation, which can be studied using targeted metabolomics. Although commonly studied using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)

Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, represent a significant global health issue. Symptoms are commonly treated through inhalation therapy, enabling the delivery of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) directly to the lungs. Pulmonary drug delivery offers several advantages, including reduced risk of systemic side effects and a minimally invasive route of administration. Dry-powder

The multidisciplinary Green Extraction approach has recently advanced by integrating the principles of Green Chemistry and the Circular Economy. In this framework, waste products are redefined as negative-cost raw materials for the recovery of high-value compounds with cross-sectoral applications, contributing to both economic and environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the valorizatio

Modern medicine is rapidly evolving toward personalized treatments, where therapies are tailored to an individual’s genetic profile. This shift is driven by the promise of pharmacogenomics, which aims to match patients with the most effective medications based on their unique biological makeup. As a result, biotherapeutics made from biological sources like proteins, peptides, and antibodies are be

The installation of large-scale solar farms is expected to increase in the future as part of a widespread transition from fossil fuel-based energy generation to renewables. By simulating large-scale solar farms in Earth system models (ESMs), previous studies have found that solar farms, at a large enough scale, can globally affect Earth’s climate. This study builds upon previous studies where an E

Society's view of social services has deteriorated with the cause of disinformation and violence from clients on social media. Previous research shows that it has become increasingly common for social workers and their relatives to be exposed to threats and abuse online. Therefore, this study aims to investigate social workers' experiences and attitudes towards being mentioned on social me

Practical and structural changes alone are not enough to achieve sustainable transformation of food systems because they are influenced by people’s underlying inner dimensions. Using data from quantitative student surveys and semi-structured interviews with school workers, this study applies three spheres of transformation framework and explores what place Estonian adolescents’ inner dimensions (v

Rapporten undersöker hur brusreducering påverkar ljudklassificering. Olika aspekter undersöks; informationsbevarande, hur bra brusreduceringen blir, samt brusnivåers och antalet klassers inverkan. Ljudklassificering är när en dator analyserar ljud och identifierar vilka klasser ljudet tillhör. För att skapa klassificering med maskininlärning, tränas ett nätverk att till bästa förmåga klassificerIt is often impossible to capture the sound one wants without capturing noise. Consequently, research has been done on noise filtering in audio signals. Currently deep learning algorithms are used for noise filtering. This thesis investigated the effects of noise and denoising on sound classification. The thesis used two standard datasets for clean sound and noise. FSD50K was chosen as clean soun

Modern vetenskap och teknik är starkt beroende av avancerade datorsimuleringar för att lösa komplexa problem, till exempel inom klimatmodellering eller flygteknik. Dessa simuleringar kan dock vara extremt beräkningskrävande, särskilt när man måste följa systemets utveckling över lång tid. I denna avhandling utvecklar vi en ny metod för att skapa förenklade modeller som behåller noggrannheten hos dReduced-order models (ROMs) have become indispensable tools for reducing the computational complexity of high-fidelity simulations in science and engineering. In this thesis, we introduce a novel training framework that combines the integral form of Operator Inference (OpInf ) with adjoint-state methods to yield robust, data-driven ROMs. By formulating a continuous-time loss functional that integr

Attitudes of Gen Z and their role in the workplace have been widely studied in the past decades. Even though Gen Z and Millennials have some similar workplace attitudes, the rapid change in technology experienced by Gen Z has inculcated some very unique working attitudes in the new generation, which in turn has impacted their expectations of middle management and their preference for such role