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Gravity-driven filtration through slow sand filters (SSFs) is one of the oldest methods for producing drinking water. As water passes through a sand bed, undesired microorganisms and chemicals are removed by interactions with SSF biofilm and its resident microbes. Despite their importance, the processes through which these microbial communities form are largely unknown, as are the factors affectin

In this study, a comprehensive investigation of a set of phytochemicals to identify potential inhibitors for the Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) was conducted. FOXM1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM) cells and plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, proliferation, and invasion. FOXM1 inhibitors have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and ongoing clinical trials are assess

Extant literature points to how the risk of discrimination is intrinsic to AI systems owing to the dependence on training data and the difficulty of post hoc algorithmic auditing. Transparency and auditability limitations are problematic both for companies’ prevention efforts and for government oversight, both in terms of how artificial intelligence (AI) systems function and how large-scale digita

1. Two recent clinical trials, KetECT and ELEKT-D, compared the effectiveness of ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depressive disorder. Notably, these trials reported marked differences in ECT's clinical outcomes of, with remission rates of 63% for KetECT and a strikingly lower rate of 22% for ELEKT-D, while the remission rates for ketamine were 46% and 38%, respectively. Cons

We verify safety of a nonlinear continuous-time system controlled by a neural network controller. The system is decomposed into low-dimensional subsystems connected in a feedback loop. Our application is a rocket landing, and open-loop properties of the two-dimensional altitude subsystem are verified using worst-case simulations. Closed-loop safety properties (crash-avoidance) of the full system a

Introduction: Regenerative agriculture commonly aims to increase soil carbon sequestration, with potential benefits for human and ecosystem health, climate mitigation, and biodiversity. However, the effectiveness of various regenerative practices at increasing carbon sequestration is unclear. Methods: This study identified and quantified the yearly soil carbon sequestration rate of regenerative pr

Extraterrestrial chrome spinel and chromite extracted from the sedimentary rock record are relicts from coarse micrometeorites and rarely meteorites. They are studied to reconstruct the paleoflux of meteorites to the Earth and the collisional history of the asteroid belt. Minor element concentrations of Ti and V, and oxygen isotopic compositions of these relict minerals were used to classify the m

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is active throughout the brain and its genetic ablation impacts brain function. Its activity in the brain was proposed to regulate bioactive lipid availability, namely eicosanoids that are inflammatory mediators and regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF). We aimed at testing whether HSL deletion increases susceptibility to neuroinflammation and impaired brain perfusion u

X-ray phase-contrast imaging by grating interferometry has in the past decades been established both at synchrotron radiation sources and at conventional x-ray tubes. Due to the sensitivity to x-ray phase shifting, contrast in soft tissue has been improved significantly and the possibilities to do virtual histology of tissue biopsies are being pioneered. Constraints in the design of a grating inte

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD), quantify the timing of diagnosis of prenatally diagnosed VSDs, and define the spontaneous closure rate prenatally both in utero and during the first year of life. Materials and methods: Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database Library were searched to identify studies published betw

Jorge Ibargüengoitia is one of the most prominent writers in 20th-century Mexican literature. This study provides an analysis of his narrative in the work Dos Crímenes. The primary objective is to elucidate how the author constructs his narrative threads through the use of irony, which becomes a recurrent tool in his style. To accomplish this, it is proposed that Ibargüengoitia employs different t

Critical constructive feedback (CCF), is said to be a key ingredient in learning. However, if and how learners engage in CCF is rarely studied in collaborative learning situations. This study aims to filling this research gap by analyzing data logs from dyads of middle school students using an educational game in history, evaluating their inclination to dismiss or attend to feedback when making er

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an age-related vasculitis. Prior studies have identified an association between GCA and hematologic malignancies (HMs). How the presence of somatic mutations that drive the development of HMs, or clonal hematopoiesis (CH), may influence clinical outcomes in GCA is not well understood. Methods: To examine an association between CH and GCA, we analyzed sequen

OBJECTIVE: To estimate patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) and treatment failure (TF) threshold values for Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) measure and EQ-5D-5L among people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) 3 and 12 months following participation in a digital self-management intervention (Joint Academy®).METHODS: Among the participants, we computed work and activity impairm

Numerous electronic travel aids (ETAs) to increase the mobility of blind or low-vision (BLV) individuals have been proposed. However, the lack of established and well-motivated methods, and of recruiting enough BLV test participants, keeps a successful aid illusory. To combat this, a new aid-agnostic questionnaire focused on mobility, the Desire of Use Questionnaire for Mobility of BLV individuals

Objective: To describe a retroperitoneal transient occlusion of the uterine or internal iliac artery in conjunction with a high-risk evacuation of products of conception. The procedure was performed vaginally, minimally invasively, via vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. Design: Description of the surgical technique using original video footage. This study was exempted from re

Objective: The aim was to optimize diagnostics for carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) by investigating how 4 defined CAC shapes are associated with ultrasound (US) findings indicating CVD. Study Design: The study included 414 participants (802 neck sides) from the Malmö Offspring Dental Study, examined with PRs. The PRs were

Purpose: Recent work has shown MRI is able to measure and quantify signals of phospholipid membrane-bound protons associated with myelin in the human brain. This work seeks to develop an improved technique for characterizing this brain ultrashort- (Formula presented.) component in vivo accounting for (Formula presented.) weighting. Methods: Data from ultrashort echo time scans from 16 healthy volu