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Baseline trabecular bone and its relation to incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis and increase in joint space narrowing score : directional fractal signature analysis in the MOST study

Purpose To explore the association of baseline trabecular bone structure with incident tibiofemoral (TF) osteoarthritis (OA) and with increase in joint space narrowing (JSN) score. Methods The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) includes subjects with or at risk for knee OA. Knee radiographs were scored for Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and JSN at baseline, 30, 60 and 84 months. Knees (KL ≤ 1)

Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Megakaryocyte Progenitors

Current sources of platelets for transfusion are insufficient and associated with risk of alloimmunization and blood-borne infection. These limitations could be addressed by the generation of autologous megakaryocytes (MKs) derived in vitro from somatic cells with the ability to engraft and differentiate in vivo. Here, we show that overexpression of a defined set of six transcription factors effic

A 15-Gb/s wireless on-off keying link

Bit-error rate measurements for ON-OFF keying modulation at multigigabit per second rates over a V-band wireless link are presented. Serial data-rates from 2.5 to 20 Gb/s were studied for a 231-1 bit random sequence. Error-free data transfer over a 0.3-m link was achieved at up to 10 Gb/s. Acceptable bit-error rates,

Emlen funnel experiments revisited : methods update for studying compass orientation in songbirds

Migratory songbirds carry an inherited capacity to migrate several thousand kilometers each year crossing continental landmasses and barriers between distant breeding sites and wintering areas. How individual songbirds manage with extreme precision to find their way is still largely unknown. The functional characteristics of biological compasses used by songbird migrants has mainly been investigat

Lifestyle and glycaemic control before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease with widespread physiological insults to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, above all glycaemic regulation. The pathogenesis of T2D and its progression is broadly understood to be through a gradual decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity, a compensatory rise in insulin secretion, and a gradual decline in beta-cell function, resulting in glycaemic

Burden of disease in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Occurrence, healthcare use, costs and health outcomes.

Psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are two related chronic inflammatory diseases. A proportion of people with PSO also develop PsA. PSO and PsA seem to have multiple impacts; from the health and well-being of the individual; to the need for healthcare resources for disease management; to the loss of productivity. Compared with other chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes,