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A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) produces electrical energy thanks to the electrochemical reaction carried out inside the cell. During the energy conversion, water molecules are also produced in the cathode side and this can affect the diffusion parameters of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The generated water-drops due to the reaction may block the reactant gases and produce material oxida
In this work, the surface morphology changes of nanocrystalline Cr 2 O 3 film deposited on Si wafer during the heating process were observed in-situ by means of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The Cr 2 O 3 film cracked at high temperature due to the cause of thermal stress; the corresponding crack area percentages on the film surface were real-time evaluated using image
Iodo-oxyapatite [pentadecacalcium iodide oxide nonaphosphate, Ca15(PO4)9IO] was synthesized by a flux method and the structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray data. The crystal structure was refined in the space group P63/m [a = 9.567 (1), c = 20.754 (2) Å and Z = 2] to wR on F of 0.0459. Iodo-oxyapatite has a typical hexagonal apatite structure but the unit cell is tripled along the hexad ow
Why does indium adopt a tetragonally distorted fcc structure, and not a fcc structure like its lighter homologue aluminum? This question has puzzled chemists and physicists for a long time, and has now been addressed by means of ab initio full-potential calculations in the framework of density functional theory. It was found that the different tendency of aluminum and indium to form s-p hybridized
The first incommensurate ordering of NH4Cu7-xS4 (x = 0.16) has been investigated using X-ray single crystal diffraction at 174 K. The modulated structure is described with monoclinic symmetry with the cell parameters a = 10.272 (angstrom), b = 10.272 (angstrom), c = 7.694 (angstrom) and β=90.0°. It belongs to the four-dimensional space group P:P2/n:-11 {conventional setting P:P2/b:-11 (no. 13.1)}.
It is estimated that over 80% of bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation. Biofilms are organized bacterial communities formed on abiotic surfaces, such as implanted or inserted medical devices, or on biological surfaces, such as epithelial linings and mucosal surfaces. Biofilm growth is advantageous for the bacterial organism as it protects the bacteria from antimicrobial host f
Recension av antologi, redigerad av Hans Swärd.
Mountain communities are adapting their livelihoods to a complex combination of social, political and economic changes and associated risks. Despite recognition of adaption in response to multiple changes in sustainable livelihood and critical climate change literature, risks attributed to biophysical effects of climate change have increasingly assumed importance. Consequently, diversification is
In recent years island communities have actively adapted in response to a complex combination of changes that has shaped life on the islands, and this has had gendered consequences. The gender ramifications of adaptation on islands are still largely neglected in adaptation policies, although they are increasingly being addressed in the scientific literature. Understanding gendered consequences is
During the communist dictatorship, police and detectivistic literature was an amphibious species, and had to hide rather than to embrace courageous assumptions. In the multilateral developed socialism (for communism has never been reached), criminals and criminals were urgently annihilated and then exposed to public atrocities. All the strategy based on the propaganda for the ideological success,
The shell condenser is one of the key components of underwater vehicles. To study its thermal performance and to design a more efficient structure, a computational model is generated to simulate condensation inside straight and helical channels. The model combines empirical correlations and a MATLAB-based iterative algorithm. The vapor quality is used as a sign of the degree of condensation. Three
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), or the partitioning of assimilated C into growth or respiration, is a key parameter that is central to understanding the soil C cycle and its feedback to environmental and climate change. The availability of nitrogen (N), organic matter (OM) quality and environmental factors influence CUE indirectly by affecting growth rates and respiration of the major micro
The aim of this paper is to explore, conceptualize, and critically discuss how the temporary retail site of the pop-up store works towards inciting consumers to buy products which have previously been discarded. Drawing on, and developing, the concept of the retailscape, we use empirical material from an ethnographic study to show how the temporal retailscape of the pop-up store is assembled, and
A numerical method was used to study the effect of clearance and rotational number on the thermal performance in a detached latticework duct. The latticework duct, which had four-entry sub-channels, was located in a simplified rectangular channel. The crossing angle for each sub-channel was 45°. The numerical studies were conducted with various clearances (0–0.5) and various rotational numbers (0–
Industries and regional economies evolve as a result of the interplay between local and non-local factors. Increasing globalization of both production- and innovation activities implies a shift in the relevant scales of interaction from the local towards the global level. This paper is concerned with the implications of such scale shifts for the role of the region and for cluster-related regional
