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'Adaptive Landscape' was first formulated as a heuristic model or metaphor for the evolutionary process by late population geneticist Sewall Wright in a famous paper published in 1932. The metaphor of an adaptive landscape with adaptive peaks of high fitness, separated by adaptive valleys of low fitness attracted a lot of interest from contemporary and later evolutionary biologists and inspired re
Map mashups, as a common way of presenting geospatial information on the Web, are generally created by spatially overlaying thematic information on top of various base maps. This simple overlay approach often raises geometric deficiencies due to geometric uncertainties in the data. This issue is particularly apparent in a multi-scale context because the thematic data seldom have synchronised level
Den första januari 2012 sänkte den då sittande alliansregeringen momssatsen för restaurang- och cateringtjänster från 25 % till 12 %. Det övergripande målet med den lägre momssatsen är att stimulera efterfrågan på okvalificerad arbetskraft genom att skapa förutsättningar för lägre priser och därmed ökad efterfrågan på restaurangföretagens tjänster.Under tiden efter genomförandet av den sänkta momsA significant part of the labour market debate is devoted to issues concerning problematic youth. Expressions like “the lost generation” is coined to address the very core of the matter. It captures the difficulties for low-skilled young people to gain a sustainable work life in an education-oriented society. A strategy to increase employment opportunities specifically suited for the latter group
A new and freely available model-based PID design tool for Matlab is introduced. It can be used to solve Maximal Integral Gain Optimization (MIGO) and (load) Integral Absolute Error (IAE) problems. Robustness is ensured through H-inf constraints on the closed-loop transfer functions. A Youla parameter (Q design) method for comparison with the optimal linear time-invariant (LTI) controller for the
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are crucial for the serological diagnosis of RA, where Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested to be an environmental agent in triggering the onset of the disease. This study aimed to analyse antibody reactivity to citrullinated EBV nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) peptides from three dif
Microcapsules with specific functional properties, related to the capsule wall and core, are highly desired in a number of applications. In this study, hybrid cellulose microcapsules (1.2 ± 0.4 μm in diameter) were prepared by nanoengineering the outer walls of precursor capsules. Depending on the preparation route, capsules with different surface roughness (raspberry or broccoli-like), and thereb
Substantial evidence now supports the hypothesis that the common ancestor of bats was nocturnal and capable of both powered flight and laryngeal echolocation. This scenario entails a parallel sensory and biomechanical transition from a nonvolant, vision-reliant mammal to one capable of sonar and flight. Here we consider anatomical constraints and opportunities that led to a sonar rather than visio
In this paper, I consider the question of whether crime victims can be said to have a moral right to see their victimizers punished (a “right to punishment”) that could explain why they often feel wronged or cheated when the state fails to punish offenders (or even to make such conduct punishable). In the first part, I explain what I mean by a “right to punishment” and what it is for such a right
AIMS: Despite vast clinical experience linking diabetes and atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanisms leading to accelerated vascular damage are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of nuclear factor of activated T-cells inhibition on plaque burden in a novel mouse model of type 2 diabetes that better replicates human disease.METHODS & RESULTS: IGF-II/LDLR-/-ApoB100/100mice were ge
The amount of carbon uptake by vegetation is an important component to understand the functioning of ecosystem processes and their response/feedback to climate. Recently, a new diagnostic model called the Southampton Carbon Flux (SCARF) Model driven by remote sensing data was developed to predict terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) and successfully applied in temperate regions. The model
In a world where climate goals are global but action remains firmly in the hands of states, reliable methods are needed to ensure that emissions reductions on a national level are not offset by carbon leakage. Appropriate indicators are needed to help policy makers set accurate targets for the carbon balance of their foreign trade and monitor the development of trade in a meaningful way. This pape
The paper is about finding the global optimum for a wheel loader work cycle in a gravel application. This includes simulating the gravel and extracting the trajectories for the main actuators; propulsion, lift and tilt, during the work cycle. The optimal control method is dynamic programming and the optimum is calculated with regard to fuel efficiency [ton/l] but can be weighted towards productivi
This dissertation examines the integration of immigrants from an intergenerational and multidimensional perspective. During the post-World War Two period, Sweden has been characterized by a large and increasing degree of heterogeneity in terms of immigrant background and reason for migration. This diversity has led to considerable challenges in terms of integration. While the economic challenges o
