Ionization-induced electron injection was investigated experimentally by focusing a driving laser pulse with a maximum normalized potential of 1.2 at different positions along the plasma density profile inside a gas cell, filled with a gas mixture composed of 99%H2+1%N2. Changing the laser focus position relative to the gas cell entrance controls the accelerated electron bunch properties, such as

Background: Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural land is identified as one of the major threats to soils, as it influences both fertility and the production of ecosystem services from agriculture. Losses of SOC across regions are often determined by monitoring in different land use systems. Results from agricultural field experiments can reveal increasing SOC stocks after implementa

The report provides an overview of human behaviour in tunnel fires in single tube road tunnels. The behaviour is linked to the concept of a behaviour sequences presented by Canter et al. (1980). The main focus has been to present relevant research and findings provided in accident investigation reports mainly for long and steep sub-sea tunnels designed according to the self-rescue principle. Resea

Background: Soils contain the greatest terrestrial carbon (C) pool on the planet. Since approximately 12 % of soil C is held in cultivated soils, management of these agricultural areas has a huge potential to affect global carbon cycling; acting sometimes as a sink but also as a source. Tillage is one of the most important agricultural practices for soil management and has been traditionally under

Wildfires are by far the largest contributor to global biomass burning and constitute a large global source of atmospheric traces gases and aerosols. Such emissions have a considerable impact on air quality and constitute a major health hazard. Biomass burning also influences the radiative balance of the atmosphere and is thus not only of societal, but also of significant scientific interest. Ther

Nonlinear optical methods have become ubiquitous in many scientific areas, from fundamental studies of timeresolved electron dynamics to microscopy and spectroscopy applications. They are, however, often limited to a certain range of parameters such as pulse energy and average power. Restrictions arise from, for example, the required field intensity as well as from parasitic nonlinear effects and

Purpose: Current literature emphasizes using a holistic perspective on green packaging development (GPD) as an important strategy for reducing the environmental impact of products’ supply chain (SC). In practice, however, it can be difficult for packaging developers to strike a balance between all the different environmental requirements on packaging, and trade-offs are common. Life cycle assessme

The Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the largest mafic–ultramafic-layered complex on Earth. The RLS is associated with marginal sills that penetrate into the ~2.2 billion-year-old sedimentary strata of the Pretoria Group. These sills are in contact and share some geochemical similarities with different zones of RLS and are classified in terms of chemical co

Financial investment behavior is highly correlated between parents and their children. Using Swedish data, we find that the decision of adoptees to hold equities is associated with the behavior of both biological and adoptive parents, implying a role for both genetic and environmental influences. However, we find that nurture has a stronger influence on the share of financial assets invested in eq

The palaeoproterozoic Northwestern region of the Ukrainian shield hosts two compositional types of mafic dykes and associated magmatism that intruded at c. 1800–1760 Ma: (1) high-Ni dolerite dykes and layered intrusions of tholeiitic affinity and (2) high-Ti dolerite dykes of jotunitic affinity associated with anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite (AMCG) suites. The jotunitic dykes represent i

U–Pb baddeleyite ages demonstrate the presence of three dyke generations within the NW-trending Pará de Minas swarm (São Francisco craton, South America), dated at ca. 1795 Ma (1798 ± 4, 1791 ± 7 and 1793 ± 18 Ma), ca. 1710 Ma (1702 ± 13 and 1717 ± 11 Ma) and 766 ± 36 Ma. These ages have implications for the São Francisco-Congo (SF-Congo) craton within the Rodinia and Columbia supercontinent confi

The relationship between the genetic and environmental risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD) detected in Swedish medical, pharmacy, and criminal registries has not been hitherto examined. Prior twin studies have varied with regard to the detection of shared environmental effects and sex differences in the etiology of AUD. In this report, structural equation modeling in OpenMx was applied to

Purpose: Sick leave and unemployment are highly prevalent among people with affective disorders. Their depression severity is disabling and inversely related to having employment. No evidence-based vocational rehabilitation exists for this target group. Knowledge is therefore needed to understand the psychosocial factors that affect depression severity in order to develop new rehabilitation interv

On the south-easternmost Kaapvaal Craton, a NE-trending plagioclase-megacrystic dolerite dyke swarm, herein named the White Mfolozi Dyke Swarm (WMDS), has been identified. New U–Pb baddeleyite ages presented here indicate that the WMDS was emplaced within less than 10 million years, with our three most robust results yielding a weighted mean age of 2662 ± 2 Ma. The WMDS is coeval with the youngest

OBJECTIVE:: HIV-2 represents an attenuated form of HIV, where many infected individuals remain “aviremic” without antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aviremic HIV-2 disease progression exits, and in the current study we therefore aimed to examine if specific pathological characteristics of CD4+ T cells are linked to such outcome. DESIGN:: HIV-seronegative (n=25), HIV-1 (n?=?33), HIV-2 (n?=?39,