Nematode-trapping fungi enter the parasitic stage by developing specific morphological structures called traps. The global patterns of gene expression in traps and mycelium of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum were compared. The trap of this fungus is a unicellular spherical structure called the knob, which develops on the apex of a hyphal branch. RNA was isolated from knobs and mycelium and hy

Similar to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tumour cells, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) originates from mature B cells but displays a non-B cell phenotype, the mechanisms and consequences of which are not yet understood. This study showed that PEL lacked DNA binding activity of the B cell-determining transcription factors E2A, EBF and Pax5. PEL overexpressed the E2A antagonists ABF-1 and Id2, whi

In this study we investigate the NADPH-dependent stereoselective reduction of the bicyclic diketone bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione (BCO2,6D) to the chiral ketoalcohol (1R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-one (BCO2one6ol). Our aim was to develop a whole cell batch process for reduction of carbonyl substrates with (i) a high cosubstrate yield (formed product/consumed cosubstrate) and (ii) a hi

The outcomes of press perturbation experiments on community dynamics are difficult to predict because there is a high degree of indeterminacy in the strength and direction of ecological interactions. Ecologists need to quantify uncertainties in estimates of interaction strength, by determining all the possible values a given interaction strength could take and the relative likelihood of each value

The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of isradipine in maternal and fetal plasma, and in amniotic fluid under steady-state conditions. Eight women were treated with 5-mg isradipine tablets twice daily and eight women were given slow-release isradipine capsules (SRO) twice daily for hypertension in pregnancy. Blood and amniotic fluid sampling for analysis of drug concentration was p

The spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is one of the major insect pests of mature Norway spruce forests. In this study, a model describing the temperature-dependent thresholds for swarming activity and temperature requirement for development from egg to adult was driven by transient regional climate scenario data for Sweden, covering the period of 1961-2100 for three future climate change scenario

The results presented in this paper are from studies on a laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and an anaerobic packed-bed (APB) reactor treating potato leachate at increasing organic loading rates from 1.5 to 7.0 9 COD/ l/day. The hydraulic retention times ranged from 13.2 to 2.8 days for both reactors during the 100 days of the experiment. The maximum organic loading r

The objective of this work was to use monomers from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shells to develop molecularly imprinted polymers. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a cheap and renewable agro byproduct consisting of versatile monomers. Solvent-extracted CNSL contains over 80% anacardic acid (AnAc) with more than 90% degree of unsaturation in its C-15 side chain. From AnAc monomer, anacar

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relies on the bacteriological examination of sputum. However, microscopy of smears made directly from sputum has a low sensitivity and there is an urgent need for improved methods. We have compared microscopy of smears made directly from sputum with microscopy after liquefaction of sputum with household bleach (NaOCl) and concentration of bacteria by ce

Human therapeutic cloning is a recently emerged application of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is currently being performed to produce patient-specific stem cell lines for future stem cell therapies. The advantages in producing human nuclear transfer (NT) embryos to derive NT stem cell lines are that these can be tailor-made (i.e., are autologous in nature) for the patient and may over

The proposal for quantum computing with rare-earth-metal-ion qubits in inorganic crystals makes use of the inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions in the ions to associate individual qubits with ions responding to radiation in selected frequency channels. We show that a class of Gaussian composite pulses and complex sech pulses provide accurate qubit pi rotations, which are at the same tim

In the present study, the involvement of cytochrome P450 enzyme( s) in the primary metabolism of laquinimod, a new orally active immunomodulator, has been investigated in human liver microsomes. Hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites were formed. The metabolite formation exhibited single enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent K-M in the range of 0.09 to 1.9 mM and V-max from 22 to 120 pm

Objective. The objective of this article is to examine whether public expenditure on higher education has an effect on income inequality by increasing enrollment. Methods. Combining data from the World Bank Development Indicators with data from the World Income Inequality Database version 2, we study the relation between government education expenditure and enrollment rates, as well as the relatio

A high-resolution, well-dated dinoflagellate cyst record from a lagoon of the southeastern Swedish Baltic Sea reveals climate and hydrological changes during the Holocene. Marine dinoflagellate cysts occurred initially at about 8600 cal yr BP, indicating the onset of the Littorina transgression in the southeastern Swedish lowland associated with global sea level rise, and thus the opening of the D

Intracerebral microdialysis was utilised to obtain information regarding how morphine is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In a patient with a severe brain injury, we measured simultaneously unbound extracellular fluid (ECF) concentrations of morphine in human brain and in subcutaneous fat tissue, which were compared to morphine levels in arterial blood. This report shows an increa

Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is a key enzyme in the development of storage root of radish. Clarification of its spatial and temporal expression during the thickening growth of radish hypocotyl, which later develops into storage root, was carried out immunologically using light microscopy. Sequential harvests at 3, 7, 11 and 13 d after sowing (DAS) were performed on two radish cultivars having different

The fractional dispersion model for natural rivers, extended by including a first order reaction term, contains four parameters. In order to estimate these parameters a fractional Laplace transform-based method is developed in this paper. Based on 76 dye test data measured in natural streams, the new parameter estimation method shows that the fractional dispersion operator parameter F is the contr