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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of charge stratification on the combustion phasing in a single cylinder, heavy duty (HD) compression ignition (CI) engine. To do this the start of injection (SOI) was changed from -180° after top dead centre (ATDC) to near top dead centre (TDC) during which CA50 (the crank angle at which 50% of the fuel energy is released) was kept constant by

Boronic acid based affinity materials are of great importance for effective enrichment of biomolecules containing a cis-diol structure, for example glycoproteins. In this work, we developed a new pH- and temperature-responsive boronate affinity material for effective separation of glycoproteins. A nanohybrid material composed of silica cores and flexible polymer brushes, denoted as Si@poly(NIPAm-c

Ensuring that communication is secure, including the ability to encrypt sensitive traffic, has always been a fundamental pillar of the telecom industry. Users expect their right to privacy to be respected, and operators expect to be able to protect themselves and their customers from various kinds of attacks. But the world is changing. Encryption technologies are advancing, regulations are changin

This work focuses on adsorption of polyions onto oppositely charged surfaces and on responses to the addition of a simple monovalent salt as well as to the polyion length (degree of polymerization). We also discuss possible mechanisms underlying observed differences, of the adsorbed amount on silica surfaces at high pH, between seemingly similar polyions. This involves theoretical modeling, utiliz

Companies often update their privacy policies, but it is unclear whether these updates strengthen or weaken user privacy. Using a principal-agent theoretical lens, we analyze over 200 changes to privacy policies of five prominent Internet companies over a period of fifteen years. We find that over time, privacy policy updates are more likely to weaken, rather than strengthen, user privacy on the I

Protein conformational switches have many useful applications but are difficult to design rationally. Here we demonstrate how the isoenergetic energy landscape of higher-order coiled coils can enable the formation of an oligomerization switch by insertion of a single destabilizing element into an otherwise stable computationally designed scaffold. We describe a de novo designed peptide that was di

Aiming to critically review key research on populism, extremism and media, this article examines some definition aspects of populism as a concept, its relation to ‘the people’ and points to future directions for research in mainstream – and social media – the terrain where so much of the political is played out. An individualisation of civic cultures has emerged in tandem with the growth of mediat

Thromboembolic events are the second cause of death in cancer patients, although the mechanisms underlying this increased thromboembolic risk remain unclear. The aims of this study were to examine whether BRCA2 gene mutations may modify the circulating levels of thrombocoagulation biomarkers and whether breast cancer development may influence changes in such circulating biomarkers. The study was p

Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at the end of a prodrome of β-cell autoimmunity. The disease is most likely triggered at an early age by autoantibodies primarily directed against insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase, or both, but rarely against islet antigen-2. After the initial appearance of one of these autoantibody biomarkers, a second, third, or fourth autoantibody against either islet antigen-

Ptychography is a lensless imaging technique that aims to reconstruct an object from a set of coherent diffraction patterns originating from different and partially overlapping sample illumination areas. For a successful convergence of the iterative algorithms used, the sample scan positions have to be known with very high accuracy. Here, we present a method that allows to directly encode this inf

We develop a novel high-resolution method for the estimation of the direction of incidence of energy emitted by sources in 3D space from wideband measurements collected by a planar array of sensors. We make use of recent generalizations of Kronecker's theorem and formulate the direction of arrival estimation problem as an optimization problem in the space of sequences generating so called general

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen compared with no systemic treatment (control) in premenopausal patients with breast cancer over different time periods through long-term (> 25 years) follow-up. Patients and Methods Premenopausal patients with primary breast cancer (N = 564) were randomly assigned to 2 years of tamoxifen (n = 276) o

Objective. To compare how costs relate to disability, disease activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-treated patients with RA in southern Sweden (n = 2341) were monitored 2005-2010. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), and EQ-5D scores were linked to register-derived

Background: The purpose of the protocol was to reduce the treatment burden in clinical stage I (CSI) seminoma by offering risk-adapted treatment. The protocol aimed to prospectively validate the proposed risk factors for relapse, stromal invasion of the rete testis and tumor diameter >4 cm, and to evaluate the efficacy of one course of adjuvant carboplatin. Patients and methods: From 2007 to 2010,

Increased growth in early childhood has been suggested to increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. This study explored the relationship between weight or height and development of persistent islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes during the first 4 years of life in 7,468 children at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. Growth data collecte

Indoor positioning for smart phone users has received a lot of attention in recent years. While many solutions have been developed, most rely on extra sensors, a need for predeployment of infrastructure or collecting ground truth data to train on. In this paper we see what can be done using only existing WiFi-infrastructure and Received Signal Strength from these, not using any extra sensors or ca

We consider optimal precoder design for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcasting channels in single-carrier (SC) systems. Instead of linear detection, we assume that advanced non-linear channel shortening (CS) detectors are utilized at the receivers. Such a scenario is challenging for precoder design as the uplink-downlink duality is inapplicable. The target of our linear prec