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During the process of biomass gasification tars are formed which exit the gasifier in vapor phase. Tar condensation creates problems like fouling and plugging of after-treatment, conversion and end-use equipment. Gasification tars consist mainly of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Former research has shown the possibilities and difficulties of tar conversion by partial combustion. Basic st

Ovarian cancer linked to Lynch syndrome represents a rare subset that typically presents at young age as early-stage tumors with an overrepresentation of endometrioid and clear cell histologies. We investigated the molecular profiles of Lynch syndrome-associated and sporadic ovarian cancer with the aim to identify key discriminators and central tumorigenic mechanisms in hereditary ovarian cancer.

Antimonide-based nanowires represent an important new class of material with great promise for both fundamental physics studies and various device applications. We report a comprehensive study on understanding the growth behaviour of GaxIn1-xSb nanowires on GaAs substrates using Au nanoparticles. First, the effect of growth parameters on the morphology and composition of GaxIn1-xSb nanowires is ex

A detailed inventory of Rubus sect. Corylifolii from the province of Halland in southwestern Sweden has been performed and the chromosome number of all distinct taxa and deviating morphotypes has been determined using flow cytometry. Once putative hybrids between Corylifolii and R. caesius or R. idaeus are recognized, essentially all stands of Corylifolii in Halland can be satisfactorily identifie

This paper is based on the session ‘Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making?’ at the Wageningen Applied Soil Conference in September 2011. In that session it was shown from different angles that policy awareness of the dependence of humankind on ecosystem services has resulted in the development of tools for optimal allocation and quantification of ecosystem services and raisin

We study the C*-algebra of an affine map on a compact abelian group and give necessary and sufficient conditions for strong transitivity when the group is a torus. The structure of the C*-algebra is completely determined for all strongly transitive affine maps on a torus of dimension one, two or three.

Challengers, as opposed to defenders,of the status quo ascribe more negative motives for the attitudes of their opponentsand more positive motives to their allies. This may be associated with a heightened social cost involved in challenging the generally considered good and true. Most social issues are associated with ideology, and conservatives display more prejudices than liberals. Hence, it is

This work describes the development of a two-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction method for the determination of three hydrophobic transformation products of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ketoprofen, ibuprofen and diclofenac: 3-acetobenzophenone, 4´-isobutylacetophenone and diclofenac amide. The optimized method involved extraction for 180min at a stirring speed of 440rpm. H

Abstract in UndeterminedWe develop a discretization and computational procedures for approximation of the action of Fourier integral operators the canonical relations of which are graphs. Such operators appear, for instance, in the formulation of imaging and inverse scattering of seismic reflection data. Our discretization and algorithms are based on a multiscale low-rank expansion of the action o

Background. Self-care for common colds is frequent, yet little is known about the spectrum, regional differences, and potential risks of self-care practices in patients from various European regions. Methods/Design. We describe the study protocol for a cross-sectional survey in 27 primary care centers from 14 European countries. At all sites, 120 consecutive adult patients, who visit their general

We used a network of eight pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) sites (n(trees) = 70) and one Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) site (n(trees) = 53) to develop drought-sensitive master chronologies for the two areas in southern Scandinavia: a SW-area centred on 57AN 12.7AE and a NE-area centred on 58.8AN 18.2AE. The ratio of actual to equilibrium evapotranspiration (AET/EET) was used as a measure of

The present study employs square cross-section ribbed channels with different arrangements of downstream half-size ribs to determine the most optimal configurations for augmenting heat transfer rates with minimized pressure drop penalties. The channel inlet Reynolds number ranges from 20,000 to 160,000. The influence of downstream ribs arrangement on the overall performance characteristics of ribb

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are used to deliver potentially therapeutic genes in clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pre-existing immunity to AAV and a local neuroinflammatory response might negatively affect the efficacy of such AAV-mediated gene delivery.

Evidence suggests that educational differences in perinatal outcomes have increased in some countries (Eastern Europe) while remained stable in others (Scandinavian countries). However, less is known about the experience of Southern Europe. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal education and perinatal outcomes derived from birthweight (low birthweight and macrosomia) and ges

Aromatic side chains are prevalent in protein binding sites, perform functional roles in enzymatic catalysis, and form an integral part of the hydrophobic core of proteins. Thus, it is of great interest to probe the conformational dynamics of aromatic side chains and its response to biologically relevant events. Indeed, measurements of (13)C relaxation rates in aromatic moieties have a long histor

Background and purpose - Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a leading cause of early revision after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Open debridement with exchange of tibial insert allows treatment of infection with retention of fixed components. We investigated the success rate of this procedure in the treatment of knee PJIs in a nationwide material, and determined whether the results were affecte

There are two main modes of replacement therapy for haemophilia patients: either to stop bleeding (on-demand) or regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent bleeds (prophylaxis). Fiftyyr of clinical experience have provided evidence of the superiority of prophylaxis by showing a reduction in bleeds and development of arthropathy. Prophylaxis has been described extensively in terms of efficacy

Motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with long-term oral levodopa treatment and linked to pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. l-dopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is delivered continuously by percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube (PEG-J), which reduces l-dopa-plasma-level fluctuations and can translate to reduced motor complications. We present final results of

For the safety assessment of PHWR, it is required to study the flaw tolerance capacity of the pressure tubes as a function of the loading rate. In this work, the effect of loading rate and hydrogen content on the fracture behaviour of a Zr-2.5Nb alloy pressure tube was investigated between 25 and 300 degrees C. For the as received material, the pulling rate only had an effect on fracture toughness