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Hazardous radioactive sources out of regulatory control are referred to as orphan sources. Focussing on gamma-emitting orphan sources, this thesis describes methods that can be used in mobile gamma-ray spectrometry to perform real-time discrimination between an actual source signal and the signal due to the natural radiation background. Two categories of methods for orphan source detection are pre
The present thesis deals with the activation of CO2 by insertion reactions into palladium-carbon bonds. This has been realised for the complexes {2,6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyl]benzene}palladium(II)methyl [(PCP)PdMe] and (PCP)PdCH2CHCH2. These complexes have also been used in the catalytic carboxylation of ZnMe2 and Bu3SnCH2CHCH2. Because of trans influence the palladium-methyl bond is severe
The principal purposes of the studies reported in this thesis were to develop new methods to make computerised decision support systems in medicine both more reliable and fully automated. These aims were pursued in the belief that the solution to these problems will lead to an increased clinical use of such systems resulting in benefit to both patient and physician. In the first two studies, meth
This study attempts to answer the question of why Laban the Aramean, a rather harmless character as presented in the biblical text, is generally portrayed in rabbinic literature as a major enemy of Jacob and Israel. It is argued that the portrait of Laban as a villain developed as a result of rabbinic hermeneutics, and that the characteristics which are attributed to him in rabbinic literature wer
The aim of this work was to investigate the dosimetric effects of removing the flattening filter from conventional C-arm medical linear accelerators. In conventional linear accelerators used for radiotherapy, a flattening filter is positioned in the beam line to provide a uniform lateral dose profile at a specified depth in water. However, for some radiotherapy treatments, a uniform lateral dose p
How are access to asylum and other forms of extraterritorial protection regulated in the European Union? Is the EU acquis in these areas in conformity with international law? What tools does international law offer to solve conflicts between them? And, finally, is law capable of bridging the foundational oppositions embedded in migration and asylum issues? This work combines the potential of legal
The current form-giving activity in industrial design is characterized by explorations that depend on the individual capability to mentally manipulate a solution space from which to select and express the intended result. Industrial designers frequently rely on artistic experimentation, aesthetic inspiration, or design briefs. These points of departure often result in satisfactory results, but the
The increasing demand for high data rates in wireless communication systems is increasing the requirements on the transceiver front-ends, as they are pushed to utilize more and wider bands at higher frequencies. The work in this thesis is focused on receiver front-ends composed of Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), Mixers, and Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) operating at microwave frequencies. Tra
Despite advances in material science, computers and building technology, building failures related to building physics continue to occur. These failures range from a building not meeting its energy use target to a building causing people to become ill from exposure to various chemicals or biological organisms. These failures cost society considerable amounts of money each year and many of these fa
The focus of this work is on the development of new random field models and methods suitable for the analysis of large environmental data sets. A large part is devoted to a number of extensions to the newly proposed Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach for representing Gaussian fields using Gaussian Markov Random Fields (GMRFs). The method is based on that Gaussian Matérn fie
Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection in children. The clinical course varies from spontaneous recovery to life-threatening complications, and this variability mainly depends on the causative pathogen. Bacteria usually invade the middle ear from the nasopharynx, where they are carried frequently, both during sickness and health. The most common bacterium to cause AOM, and
Time trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality was followed in 15000 diabetic patients in 1991?2005. Clinical findings, C-peptide protocols, and islet antibodies were compared in their ability to distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes, and factors associated with the prognosis of diabetes were explored. The incidence and the age at onset remained stable but the prevalence of diabetes increas
Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools when dealing with engineering systems that today are becoming increasingly more complex. Tightly integrated production and process optimization are trends that give rise to heterogeneous systems, which are difficult to handle without expertise in several engineering disciplines. Model libraries provide an excellent way to package engineerin
The aim of this thesis was to define and develop the concept of health promotion in mental health services as well as to develop a questionnaire to measure patients? subjective experiences of health promotion intervention in mental health services. The samples consisted of 12 patients in study I and 12 nurses in study II as well as 135 patients in mental health services in study III and IV. Data w
Drum sound is the sound produced when an object, such as a foot, hits the flooring in the room in which the receiving ear is located. Drum sound has attracted interest in recent years, particularly due to an increased use of thin floating floor constructions, such as veneer or laminate flooring, which can produce loud and sharp walking sound. A prediction model of the subjective response, in a pai
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of health care utilisation and its determinants in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This is done by explicitly focusing on health care expenditures and its determinants as well as the choice to seek health care to cure the illness. Firstly, the focus is on a household’s expenditures for health care. The aim of this
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a ceramic type of fuel cell operating at elevated temperatures. By utilising the thermal energy from the SOFC in a heat engine, a hybrid cycle with high performance can be achieved. One promising concept is a pressurised SOFC in combination with a recuperated gas turbine cycle. The fuel cell, being the more efficient power generator of the two, represents the maj
Methods are needed for accurate measurement of acetabular cup migration and wear after hip replacement. The EBRA (Ein Bild Röntgen Analyse) method was recently introduced as a computerized method for radiographic assessment of acetabular cup migration. In this study, various standard methods for measuring migration were evaluated and compared to radiostereometry (RSA), which has proved to be high
The Early Middle Ages, comprising the period ca. 1000-1250, is usually described as a dynamic and eventful time, when many spheres of society underwent radical changes. The aim of this dissertation is to link these processes together in an overall holistic description of medieval society. The intention is thus to provide a "total historical" account of early medieval Denmark by means of a broad in
A number of working children in several regions over the world are mobilising to fight for better working conditions and to gain their rights according to how they interpret the Child Rights Convention (UNCRC) from 1989. Despite the increasing focus on child participation, their approaches and their demands are in many aspects controversial and they are often met with suspicion among diverse actor
