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One part of the objective is to analyze how different ventilation systems perform in practice when it comes to supplying and exhausting designed air flow in different outdoor and indoor conditions. The other part is to analyze the design criterias and the energy use of a variable air volume system based on controlled static pressure at the branch duct level and supplying outdoor air only. To inves
In software engineering, the quality of software and in particular the software reliability has to be controlled and improved. Hence there is a need for measuring and controlling the number and appearance of software faults and failures. This thesis presents models for estimation of residual faults after inspections and a model for usage specifications which enables estimation of operational failu
One of the most common diseases occurring in old age groups is dementia. Caring for a relative with dementia poses many challenges for family caregivers and they bear the main responsibility for the persons with dementia living at home. The overall aim of this thesis, which consists of five community-based studies, was to explore experiences of burden and satisfaction among family caregivers (FC)
In this work, mathematical models have been developed describing drug release from film-coated reservoir systems as well as drug release and polymer dissolution from swelling and dissolving polymer tablets. The model derivation of both systems is based on a mechanistic approach. The model describing drug release from reservoir systems, i.e. from single, film-coated pellets, was validated against e
This dissertation examines the correspondence of the 18th-century German authors Anna Louisa Karsch and Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim. The main emphasis of the present study is to demonstrate how readings of Karsch's and Gleim's correspondence shed light on epistolary culture. Particular attention is paid to the notion of epistolary culture as a relatively unrestrained ?experimental setting? for bou
The topic of the thesis is control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine dynamics. HCCI offers a potential to combine high efficiency with very low emissions. In order to fulfill the potential benefits, closed-loop control is needed. The thesis discusses sensors, feedback signals and actuators for closed-loop control of the HCCI combustion. Closed-loop control of the HCCI combu
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common, worldwide, functional disorder affecting a significant number of people, predominantly women. Etiology and pathophysiology is insufficiently understood, but the research over the past decade has led to progress in the understanding of IBS, and it is generally accepted that the symptoms of IBS are multidetermined. However, management of IBS is still a cha
Groundwater depletion in arid and semiarid areas is of increasing concern. Increasing water demand due to increasing population and climate change impacts have intensified the water shortage problems and put further stress especially on groundwater. Water harvesting techniques have been traditional solutions to water scarcity problems in the arid and semiarid Middle East for thousands of years. Th
In 2005 two research groups independently reported the isolation of a series of structurally intriguing C-19 terpenolides from the plants Thapsia transtagana and Thapsia garganica. The compounds were shown to be potent inhibitors of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. The interesting biological properties and the unique structural characteristics of the transtaganolides/basiliolides (the
In Northern Ireland and South Africa obstacles to reconciliation were found in these elements of a “moral landscape”: – Experiences of trauma, separation and inequalities, – Divergent views of the conflict and of “the other”, – Opposing identifications and loyalties, – Norms for interaction, – Contestant interpretations of values such as “peace” and “justice”. This study describes how these obstac
In international commerce, various taxes and charges are levied on commodities; besides, goods may be subject to import and export restrictions. However, free-trade agreements may stipulate that some goods can be imported and exported free of charge. The regulations pertaining to different types of merchandise are reflected in the customs tariff of a state or customs union. The application of many
An investigation of improvements of myoelectric prostheses has been undertaken. The primary aims of this thesis were (1) to generate an accurate prediction of as many hand movement as possible, (2) to produce a training setup for subjects allowing intuitive and instant control over multiple movements, and (3) to reduce the training cycle for the control system to a maximum of a couple of minutes t
Several aspects related to the mesoporous silica material SBA-15 have been studied through the use of a wide range of experimental techniques, including low voltage high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and nitrogen sorption. This work contains three parts, which are in many ways overlapping. The first part deals with the formation of SBA-15, it is found that a
A number of analogues of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate (1), a pheromone component of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, have been synthesised and tested by using single-cell electrophysiology, in order to investigate the relationships between structure and activity, and to elucidate the interactions between 1 and its receptor. Molecular mechanics and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations have been used
Why does the Lord say thus? Prophets, Contexts, Rhetoric A Comparison Between Amos and Malachi When the prophets preached their messages they authorized their words by the old messenger formula "Thus says the Lord". The import of these words was to emphasize that the prophet was only the mouthpiece of the Lord. However, the prophetic literature of the Old Testament is highly varied in its scope a
The way we understand and treat our horses, like the purpose for which they are bred, is culturally conditioned. The transition between differing social formations involves not only new life circumstances for people and animals, but also changed social modes of relating between them. Certain of the animals? previous functions and types of use come to an end at the same time new ones arise in their
In the present work a dynamic model library of components for process lines was developed. The analysis addressed characteristic aspects of liquid food process lines, and new models were developed for fluid transitions, dispersion, mixing zones and first-order chemical reactions in pipes and heat exchangers. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the models were analysed. It was demonstrated
Common practice in industry is to rotate the milling cutter in only one direction even though the geometry of the inserts are thus that they could be used again while the milling cutter is rotating in the opposite direction. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent it is possible to increase the tool utilization during milling by first rotating the milling cutter in one direction un
Radiotherapy is one of the major tools for treating cancer. Through research and technical development radiotherapy is becoming more advanced with new treatment techniques emerging. In the work presented in this thesis, well-known methods have been used, or modified for use, and new methods have been introduced in order to optimise the clinical use of an advanced radiotherapy treatment technique,
Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease zymogen that circulates in plasma. Defects in FIX cause the bleeding disorder hemophilia B. FIX contains a Gla module, two Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) -like modules and a serine protease region. In this thesis, studies have been performed on the N-terminal EGF module, which binds one Ca2+. — The present results show that bindin
