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Critical infrastructures provide indispensable services to society and extensive disruption of these give rise to large societal consequences. Most risk-related studies of critical infrastructures, however, focus rather narrowly on the direct consequences, e.g. expressed by services not supplied or cost of nonsupplied services. Although these measures might serve as a proxy for the direct societal

Reliable verification of damage claims is fundamental to create public trust in the legitimacy of compensation programs, and avoid fraud and moral hazards. However, after decades of using this tool, transparency in verification processes and availability of quantitative information on the accuracy and misidentification rates are unresolved issues. Accurate rules overcome several challenges facing

Critical debates within the science of (social) epidemiology concern the relative lackof social theory in epidemiological research and the low discriminatory accuracy (DA)of much epidemiological knowledge on factors and markers of risk for disease.Against this background, this thesis integrates intersectionality theory intoepidemiological study. The purposes are to improve the understanding ofhete

Background: The first sexual intercourse after childbirth may be challenging for women, especially if the birth resulted in injuries in the genital area. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not tears in the vagina, perineum, sphincter ani, or rectum hindered sexual intercourse during the year after childbirth. Methods: We obtained information from 2,490 women in a population-ba

Background: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) constitutes around 10% of all DVT, and can cause both pulmonary embolism (PE) and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) in the arm. The incidence of secondary UEDVT is increasing due to widespread use of central venous catheters in patients with cancer and other chronic diseases. The safety and efficacy of using new direct acting oral anti coagulant

The paper addresses the theoretical concept and methodological usefulness of 'lay theories' for conducting comparative research. 'Lay knowledge' is a well-researched concept particularly in medicine and health (e.g. Williams & Popay 2006), even if often regarded as an 'obstacle' that needs to be overcome in order to spread 'proper' scientific, medical knowledge. Critical studies within medicin

Among all the different ways used by the social State to promote higher labour standards the public procurements have always played an important role. Exploiting them economic attractiveness, in fact, most Countries used to insert in them several types of social clauses, so to oblige the awarded tenderer to grant a broad series of rights to the employees involved in the execution of the procuremen