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The main theme of this thesis is the use of fluorescence spectroscopy in biomedicine. The work presented in the thesis can be divided into three areas of applications. The first area involves the use of fluorescence to find the location of a deeply situated fluorophore within turbid media. Fluorescence emitted from the fluorophore will be attenuated when propagating through the medium, due to the
Abstract Technology is always designed for an assumed user in an assumed context. In commercial aviation, these design assumptions are clearly spelt out in that both crew and equipment are certificated for a specific operation as stated in the aircraft flight manual. Despite this well defined user context, the designed-for and the real contexts often differ enough so that adaptations of working p
Proteases and their inhibitors are implicated in the physiology and pathology of the airways. Protease inhibitors include those produced locally, such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and those produced mainly by the liver that can reach the airways via passive diffusion, such as alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). SLPI is a significant component of the anti-neutrophil elastase shield in th
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability for which there is no treatment for functional recovery. Following stroke, striatal neurogenesis is increased, with newly formed neuroblasts migrating towards the damage. This response has so far been considered acute and transient. In this thesis, a model of experimental stroke (2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) used to study three a
The main purpose of my thesis is to investigate how the Chicago School in urban sociology, that was active between 1915 and 1935, developed and why it produced so many classical monographs during a period of about ten to fifteen years. To outline the historical reasons for the School to develop I have chosen to view the historical context as a field with different actors. Another related and overa
How do molecules arrange themselves in a crystal? It is today not possible to definite predict the three-dimensional packing arrangement of molecules in the crystalline solid state. The aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to gain more knowledge of what principles that govern molecular packing. Platinum(II) complexes have been chosen as model system since these compounds are stable,
The adaptation of geophysical methods for civil engineering purposes represents an important contribution to the development of geotechnical site investigation methodology. The term geotechnical site investigation here refers to all investigations performed prior to or during construction; i.e. investigations to support and refine a conceptual geological model as well as to provide a model of geot
This work contributes to our understanding of mitochondrial responses to changing environmental conditions in plants. The first part of this thesis is focused in the study of redox regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. By using inhibitors, the redox state of the components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was selectively affected. Effects of the altered redox state of these components
This thesis explores and analyzes segregation and self-sorting in education. It aims at discussing how this relates to gender, individualization and young men and women's positionings in local practices, through choices of upper secondary school education. It focuses on how young men and women cope with and adapt to the changing society in late modernity. The thesis is based on three empirical st
In 2009 the EU approved two directives as a first initiative towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and becoming independent of fossil fuels: the Renewable Energy Directive and the Fuel Quality Directive. As a result, the demand for biofuels will increase enormously over the next decade, both nationally and in the entire EU. This huge demand will require a more advanced type of biofuels, produc
This thesis describes the preparation, characterisation and properties of poly(ethylene-graft-ethylene oxide) (PE-PEO). The grafting reaction was carried out with the grafting onto method using the carboxylic acid groups of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA) as reactive sites in an esterification reaction with poly(ethylene oxide) mono-methyl ethers (MPEO) of varying molecular weights: 750, 200
Aims: · to present a test phantom and test method for evaluation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) single volume localization techniques regarding signal contamination; · to describe the introduction of 1H-MRS in the daily routine of a standard MR-unit; · to evaluate the possibilities offered by 1H-MRS to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy in patients scheduled for stereotac
The cells in B cell development can be divided into several subgroups or fractions, e.g. early-pro-B-, pro-B, large-pre-B-, small-pre-B-, immature and mature B cells, where the stages reflect the maturity degree of the cells. This characterization is based on the expression of intracellular markers such as the recombination activating genes 1 and 2(Rag 1 and Rag 2), the terminal deoxynucleotidyl t
Glycoproteins, a class of biomolecules, exhibit a variety of biological activities and therefore are of importance in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Pure glycoproteins are needed for structural and functional studies. However, the separation of glycoproteins has been a problem until now due to their structural complexity. Efficient separation techniques are thus required. This
The present study is about media reception as an educational form, supporting meaning-making over time. The thesis stems from the desire to understand the complexity in a meaning-making process that takes its point of departure in media productions. The aim is to investigate the possibilities and limitations for meaning-making over time, afforded by the meeting of a group of student teachers and t
Investigation of astrophysical plasmas, such as stellar atmospheres, require both knowledge of atomic structure and data. We present laboratory instruments, techniques and tools for acquisition of the data required to derive important atomic parameters such as, wavelengths, oscillator strengths and line profiles. In this thesis new atomic data for advancement of stellar atmosphere analysis are pre
In many radiotherapy applications, true three-dimensional dosimetry with good spatial resolution that can be achieved in a single measurement would be of great value. Polymer gel dosimetry fulfils many of the demands on such a system. In this study, methods to facilitate the implementation of gel dosimetry have been investigated. A new type of polymer gel, for which the response to absorbed dose i
Two prospective, short-term and long-term consecutive randomized studies on non-surgical treated patients with an ACL injury were performed. None of the patients were athletes on a professional level. Outcome measures : isometric muscle strength and isokinetic musclefunction, one-leg hop test, single limb balance, Lysholm knee score and Tegner activity level. In study number one 26 patients with n
Salt stress is one of the historically as well as potentially largest agriculture problem humans have faced. Researchers have investigated and tried to solve this problem for a long time. Over 20 reviews have been written on this topic the last five years. In this thesis the extent of salt stress in today's agriculture, the toxic and damaging effects on plants and bacteria exposed to salt stress,
The thesis proposes that understanding is a matter of experiencing a pattern. To experience a pattern involves seeing how a task, principle, or problem space is structured; to attend to the relevant information; and to be able to use that information as it relates to the knowledge domain at hand. The every day concept of understanding, which is a term used in many ways is discussed and it is explo
