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The thesis investigates the theoretical background and the research context within which interpretations of the Nordic Bronze Age have been formed in Scandinavian archaeology. A theoretical analysis that emphasises theories of social practice and phenomenological perspectives is presented. The purpose of the analysis is to explore theories of social practice as tools for grasping the dynamic relat
The aim of this study was to expand our understanding of the processes of institutionalisation both within and between organisational fields. This was done by tracing an idea – the idea of quality assurance – through the process of institutionalisation in the health care sector. The new institutional theory, which focuses on the relation between organisations and the institutions they are consider
This thesis treats the problem of transient electromagnetic pulse propagation in temporally dispersive media. The analysis is performed using time-domain techniques. In particular, the dispersive wave splitting which decouples the Maxwell equations both in vacuum and inside the medium is utilized. Complex time-dependent electromagnetic fields are introduced. These fields simplify the Maxwell equat
This dissertation aims to explore and describe ageing and old age from an ethnological perspective and create a deeper understanding of the complex nature of ageing by focusing on how cultural concepts and the ageing body together shape the experiences of old age. The theoretical basis is a phenomenological perspective, highlighting the relation between the body and the materiality of everyday lif
The main part of the thesis is concerned with charge photogeneration in conjugated polymers. MeLPPP and POMeOPT films were investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy using different excitation photon energies and light intensities with and without an external electric field. We conclude that electric field-assisted charge pair photogeneration occurs from vibrationally relaxed singlet excito
Investigations of astrophysical spectra require accurate atomic data, such as wavelengths and transition probabilities. This thesis provides high-precision atomic data for astrophysical and cosmological applications. The measurements have been carried out using Fourier transform spectrometry on light produced in a hollow cathode light source. The variability of fundamental constants is investigat
This book presents a study on general and specific problems concerning the role, functions and structure of criminal justice systems. After a presentation of some ideological and methodological issues, the justifications for different principles of criminal jurisdiction are discussed, both in the perspective of public international law and municipal law. The constituent elements of criminal offenc
Potts mean field artificial neural network techniques are developed and applied to airline crew scheduling problems and routing problems. A propagator formalism in terms of Potts neurons is developed to handle global topological issues. An integrated method for identifying and classifying ECG complexes is presented. Unsupervised self-organizing artificial neural networks are employed to cluster t
This thesis is about parameter estimation and control of time-varying stochastic systems. It can be divided into two parts. The first part deals with an estimation algorithm commonly used when estimating parameters in time-varying stochastic systems, the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with forgetting factor. The exact statistical properties for the RLS-estimator with forgetting factor ar
The need, for health educational reasons, of obtaining a more adequate understanding of how people think and act in connection with questions of dental health and professional dental care has been emphasized. The present study examines the attitudes and conceptions of adult individuals regarding their own dental health, as well as measures they take to further it. The aim is to elucidate factors t
This study is characterized by its development of an analytical framework for describing and explaining the lender-borrower financing relationships of rural-based small and cottage industries by including contextual conditions. It applies this framework to the socio- environmental conditions of Bangladesh with special emphasis on the role of Islamic banks. A theoretical framework based on institu
Redox reactions are central to all organisms to sustain life. Both anabolic and catabolic metabolism depends on them. It is thus vital to sense and adjust the redox balance in the cell. One major factor affecting the redox status is the level of oxygen present. Transitions between different oxygen concentrations change the redox status and among other things, confer a stress upon the cells. This s
This treatise examines the nature of empathic understanding, i.e. understanding of what it is like for someone to be in a particular mental state. Its aim is twofold: (1) to explain how empathic understanding is possible, and (2) to explain how empathic understanding can cause unselfishness. The treatise defends a theory that meets both these desiderata. According to this theory (“the simulation i
In this thesis, we give a description of the detailed structure of the proton and a description of the final-state properties in electron-proton scattering. Qualitative results, in a purely gluonic scenario with the leading log approximation, and quantitative results, where quarks are included and some sub-leading corrections have been made, are presented. The quantitative results are in fair agre
This doctoral dissertation presents a study of linear radio transmitters based on the combined analog locked loop universal modulator (CALLUM) approach. Linear architectures such as CALLUM are very attractive for power-efficient operations, since they have no fundamental limitations prohibiting a 100% efficiency for all envelope levels, without sacrificing the potential of a linear transmission. T
This study examines the impact of arms exports on political and economic bilateral relations, focusing on Sweden’s export of the JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft to Brazil between 2000 and 2024. Using a single-case study design, the analysis draws on trade data and official state visits as indicators of interdependence and trade-related cooperation. While nominal trade volumes have increased, relati
The conventional NAIRU model stipulates that any existing money illusion would vanish by the passage of time. In contrast, the model developed by Akerlof, Dickens and Perry (2000) (ADP) argues that inflation, instead of time, dissipate money illusion. Accordingly, there exists a possibility of an inflation unemployment tradeoff in the long run. This essay reviews the evidence of money illusion and
